Rates of Reaction :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Rates of ReactionWhat is a rate of response?The amount of change of a product or reactant in a given beat.What affects the rate?a) Concentration of reply (more likely to collide as more in same vol.)b) Temperature (increases speed of molecules, more exceed EA)c) come on area (same as concentration)d) Pressure of gasses (same as conc.)e) Catalyst (guide particles to correct orientation + lowers EA)f) Others e.g. light(light = increase in speed of particles)How are rates altered? clashing theoryParticles essential collide with an energy exceeding the EA and they must ca-ca the correct orientation.A reaction rate increased by,- Increasing bang frequency- Increasing average kinetic energy of particles- Lowering activating energy- Giving molecules correct orientationEffect of concentration on raterA = rate of reaction with respect to AE.g. RH+ = rate of reaction with respect to H+(aq)Rate of reaction = K Aa Bb CcUnits of rates of reaction = mol dm-3 s-1Units of concentration = mol dm-3Indices a, b, c etc gild of reaction - what is the effect on therate of doubling the concentrationE.g. H+1 = first order = if conc. is doubled, rate is doubledH+2 = 2nd order = if con. is double, rate is quadrupledH+0 = cryptograph order = if conc. is doubled, rate is unaffectedThe constant, KK = rate constant. This is a constant of proportionalityUnits may vary but must entangle s-1rA = kA1B1mol dm-3 s-1 = k (mol dm-3)(mol dm-3)for mol dm-3 s-1 to = mol dm-3 s-1because k must = dm3 mol-1 s-1because (mol dm-3)(mol dm-3) = mol2 dm-6, so to equal this out,k = dm3 mol-1 s-1Expt. 11.2a the kinetics of the reaction between calcium carbonate andhydrochloric acidCaCO3(s) + 2HCl(aq) CaCl2(aq) + carbon dioxide(g) + H2O(l)Collect gas given off in a syringe.Create a tableTime (s)Volume of CO2 Vt (cm3)(Vfinal - Vt) cm3Then to find the order, find the half - life if time periods areroughly the same between each half - life accordingly it is first order. Ifit is second order the gr aph would increase and not be constant.Methods of following a reactionBy titrationE.g. reaction between tincture of iodine and propane in acid solution.Then on a graph time can be plotted against titre values, in this casea straight line is seen, suggesting the reaction to be zero orderBy colorimetryCan be used when one of the reactants or products behave a colour, theintensity changing during the reaction. The intensity can be followed exploitation a special colorimeter.By DilatometryWhere during the reaction the total volume of the solution changes.

Essay --

Pain is one of the most powerful human motivators. pack will say anything to make it stop be constitute it hurts. And when utilize specifically to come information our federal establishment can make it hurt a lot. No one should ever have to be put by the type of pain that is specifically engineered to hit your pain threshold, engineered to cause you to disquietude your interrogator, engineered to make you talk. The practice of raise interrogation should not be utilise under any circumstances because it is illegal under supranational law, its not always effective, and its inhumane.What is enhanced interrogation? In undecomposable terms its when an interrogator uses techniques that are specifically designed to cause you a.) either so much pain that you break down and arrange the interrogator what they want to know or b.) you fear pain and your interrogator so much that you readily give them the information that they seek. So, what techniques does the American government use to derive information from its prisoners? Some techniques that they have used are sexual humiliation, sleep deprivation, sensory deprivation, sensory overload, solitary confinement, fling execution, medical experimentation, learned helplessness, intimidation by dogs, confinement in a box with insects, and waterboarding. The United Nations Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhumane, or debasing Treatment or Punishments stance on frustrate is No exceptional circumstances whatsoever, whether a state of war or a threat of war or an emergency may be invoked as justification for torture or enhanced interrogations, which inflict pain and misfortunate and most UN scholars consider to qualify as torture under international law. (Dinan) However under international law it is ... ... they will never be normal again.(Stephens) This is a list of just a few of the techniques and their depict effects that our own government and foreign governments use. The effects are roughshod a nd long-lasting and they stick with you for a long time, not to mention the conterminous effects of fear and pain from thing such as beingness waterboarded. Its cruel and inhumane and illegal. All in all enhanced interrogation doesnt get you anymore and its just unembellished cruel. There are many better alternatives to torturing the information bulge of someone. The more peaceful route should always be taken. If we dont want our own citizens undergoing the same stuff that we put the citizens of foreign countries by dint of than we should never ever do that to them. It goes back to the most basic approach pattern of all time. The Golden Rule Do unto others what you would have them do unto you

An Analysis of Rebellion in George Orwell’s 1984 Essay

As a new society unfolds, so do new value and authority. In 1984, George Orwell presents a futuristic imagery of the power of government as well as its social conventions. Primarily, Orwell use ups Winston smith to exhibit the effects that government control can have on morality. Winston lives in Oceania where The fellowship operates its complete power by controlling deal emotionally and mentally. However, this disturbs Winston who subsequently challenges The troupe and is provoked into becoming a rebel. He recognizes that he is at the point of no re ferment consequently, he termination blindly ahead in the hope of trouncinging The political party. However, Wintons defiant nature is quickly extinguished after he is caught and tormented for committing subversive acts. The formerly rebellious Winston is then perpetually changed, as he becomes a leal subject of self-aggrandising Brother. Winstons challenge of Oceanias imposed values and beliefs demonstrates humanitys need and subsequent pursuit of freedom.In Oceania, The party is seen as the ultimate power it imposes its authority and fear over its citizens with the use of technology. From the street corners to Winstons living room, the telescreens argon used to monitor the suppositions and actions of its the great unwashed. It was n adepttheless conceivable, that they watched all(prenominal)body all the time. But at any rate they could plug in your wire whenever they wanted to. You had to live- did live, form habit that became instinct- in the assumption that either sound you made was overhead, and, except in darkness, every movement scrutinised. (Orwell 5). By not k directlying which move is being watched or which words argon being listened to, all privacy and freedom of speech is eliminated from their daily lives. The telescreens argon used as a source of control and power rather than communication. They also display propaganda from the Ministry of Truth to support the callers actions and power.The Party also uses the media as a tool for manipulation. Posters, slogans, and advertisements display messages such as BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU and WAR IS PEACE FREEDOM IS slavery IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH. These slogans, in addition to presenting braggart(a) Brother as a symbolic figure, work together to complete the manipulation and control of its citizens. However, fixing the history and memory of Oceania also enforces political control. History books opportunely ring the Partys ideology which forbids individuals from keeping mementos such as photographs and documents from their past. As a result, the citizens have vague memories of their past and leave behindingly believe any(prenominal) the Party tells them. Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past (Orwell 32). By controlling the past, The Party ensures that they control the future, and through false history, the psychological independence of people is control take. By stealing peoples privacy, manipulating and manoeuvring their lives, and presenting altered history, the Party is able to exploit its power. Winston, a man with a conscience and a sense of skilful and wrong has no choice he must fight for his beliefs. unfit Brother, a symbolic figure for power, agitates Wintons morality. Although a component of the Party, he disagrees with the conventions of The Party. At first, Winston demonstrates his rebelliousness using a diary as a secure place to keep his thoughts. DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER (Orwell 20). Here, Winston expresses his feelings round the party. He is aware that having or expressing thoughts against Big Brother is viewed as a thought crime in Oceania nevertheless he also knows that he cannot sit back and accept their philosophy. feeling crime does not think death thought crime IS death (Orwell 30). Winston has the good sense to be extremely careful when piece of writing in his diary he is paranoid ab push through being caught and places himself away from the telescreen where he hopes he will not be detected. This action demonstrates his unwillingness to simply accept the party ocellus and the governments control.Another equally serious offence against the Party is his love affair with Julia. Well aware of the Partys back up on pleasurable sexual activity, Winston, nevertheless, can not and does not conquer his relish for her. He also discovers that he is not the only one with these forbidden feelings. That was higher up all what he wanted to hear. Not solely the love of one person, but the animal instinct, the simple undifferentiated desire that was the force that would tear the Party to pieces (Orwell 132). With the knowledge that he is not wholly in this battle, Winston is even more committed and empowered to continue his defiance against the system. He recognizes that he must act cautiously and, in rove to continue his affair without being caught, Winston rents a room above Mr.Charringtons shop. A nother subversive act is Winstons communication with OBrien, a leader in the Party.Winton bases his trust of OBrien through the voices in his dreams, the shopping centre contact between them during hate meetings, and when OBrien covers off his telescreen when the two meet. surrounded by himself and OBrien, and of the impulse he sometimes felt, simply to walk into OBriens presence, announce that he was the enemy of the Party and demand his serve(Orwell 159) Trustingly, Winston reveals his views to OBrien, hoping that in the future, others will also join in the defeat of the Party. OBrien convinces Winston that he is member of the Brotherhood Winston eagerly joins. The authority the Party enforces over Oceanias citizens seizes Winstons morality and gives him the courage to increase the whim of his rebellious acts. Unfortunately, a power remote greater than his is watching his every move.As Winston continues his treasonous acts, he realises there is no way out his optimism fo r a better future has him stride blindly into shark-infested waters. Winston realizes that by writing in his diary it is only a matter of time earlier the Thought Police capture him. Whether he wrote DOWN WITH BIG BROTHER, or whether he refrained from writing it, made no release. Whether he went on with the diary, or whether he did not go on with it, made no difference (Orwell 21). Intellectually, Winston realizes that he will probably get caught, but he cannot turn back. His affair with Julia boosts his ego and so he continues with the hope that other rebels will unite with him against the Party. Unfortunately, in his dream of defeating Big Brother, Winston becomes careless and his acts against the Party curb him down a dangerous path, leading him into torturous consequences. Winston allows himself to take redundant risks, such as trusting OBrien.Unknowingly, the room he rents above Mr. Charringtons shop to meet with Julia is under surveillance. Mr. Charrington, a member of the Thought Police, uses the telescreen to capture Winstons sexual affair with Julia. As a member of the Thought Police, it is his duty to turn them in, and he does. He has the two arrested and they are sent to the Ministry. Winstons carelessness now comes back to haunt him. In his eagerness to find others who loathe the system, he trusted OBrien who led him to believe that he shares his hatred for Big Brother. However, Winston soon learns that OBriens intentions are quite different. When Winston is caught, OBrien visits him to help him through this wretchedness.However, Winstons set trust is exploited when OBrien preys on his biggest fear. He is taken to board 101 where he is tortured both physically and mentally with his ultimate revulsion rats. Winstons fortitude collapses, changing his perspective. it was all right, everything was all right. The scrape was finished. He had won the victory over himself. He loved Big Brother. (Orwell 311). Winstons physical pain and mental ang uish help him to now embrace the unquestionable power and wisdom of the Party. The irony is evident Winstons determination to defeat Big Brother is defeated by Big Brother.In Winstons pursuit to gain independent thought, he struggles against the lordly power of the Party, thus demonstrating the battle between him and his government. In Oceania, the Party controls the people physically, mentally and emotionally in order to maintain their supremacy. However, the Partys abusive power subverts Winstons morality, aggravating him into rebellion. Once started, Winston realizes that he cannot turn back from his revolt, even though, intellectually he acknowledges that his battle could cost him far more than his freedom. He is driven to continue. Winstons fervour for change comes to an conterminous halt after he is caught and punished for his disloyalty to the Party. A man forever changed becomes a loyal supporter of Big Brother. Orwells 1984 is a terrorization journey of a mans fight for f reedom of thought and expression. In 1948, when the book was written it was considered a futuristic view of society. Today, many a(prenominal) of the events have already become a reality. Big Brother is thusly watchingWorks CitedOrwell, George. 1984. New York Penguin, 1964

Accounting theory Essay

Accounting theory and its application is very fundamental to students and sea captain in accountancy. It equips people in the accountancy profession with financial account statement theory and associated query. Relevance of this theory is that it provides accountants with noesis to vituperatively investigate and read contemporary account issues. Research enables students to have broad thinking of up-to-date write up issues such as environmental aspects and social responsibility aspects. The area of popular culture lead to research concerning all the emerging issues in the Accounting profession.It brought about the question as to whether students or other stakeholders in the profession should engage the attention of people in the field of research. Deegan,C. (2009) in his book stated that there is little attention given to issues that bushel to aspects of the accounting profession. Relevant issues for body of work in accounting and auditing concern accounting principles and standards, auditing ,professional behavior and general professional matters, such as scope of services, aid of quality control and strategies.Study of popular culture has provided researchers with the following arguments to absolve implication of the Accounting profession. a. Accounting is a dynamic line of specialism where participants/accountants should be in a position to respond to changes in the short letter society and come up with revised accounting principles and standards. This leave invoke understanding of the financial statements to stakeholders and society in general. b. Public accounting bid other profession in United States should provide high direct of motivation for evaluating what the actual events.It further anticipates any additional changes in next to improve and provide information on value creation by entity from different dimensions from profit. From research this has lead development world-wide public field accounting standards The study of popula r culture will enable researchers to find oneself emerging issues such as, unexpected business failure, legal liability of an nonparasitic auditor and effectiveness and appropriateness of audit evidence gathered from the society.Besides, it will factor the complex nature of business transactions which normally extend to the position of an independent auditor. Studying the popular culture also provides researchers with knowledge to evaluate the value added to the financial statements by various entities. This helps to determine effectuate of social and environmental accounting highlights the role of culture in explaining world(prenominal) differences and disclosures in accounting. Popular culture enables society in understanding the response of capital markets to financial reporting.By understanding popular culture, it lead to research on fundamental issues such as corporate governance, social and environmental reporting which enables companies in their Annual Operating Plan se t deviation some amount to used in promoting things like sporting activities. farming has exceptionally attracted voluntary reporting by allowing research on institutional theory, legitimacy theory, stakeholders theory and positive accounting theory. Nevertheless the study popular culture has significantly analyzed normative theories of accounting as well as development of accounting for price level changes.It involves critical appraisal of Historical cost accounting approach, general purchasing agency approach and current cost accounting approach. Culture study highlights efforts towards international harmonization of accounting in terms of disclosure and reporting. Application of accounting research has influenced extension of financial reports such use statements which analyzes the benefits which employees get from employment which in turn its cost to the employer. Earnings per share analyze some(prenominal) basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share in determin ing worthiness of company.Research of popular culture is very consequence in understanding economic actions to a particular interest of groups at heart society and to the entire society it involves extending the accountability of organization beyond the traditionalistic role providing financial account to the owners of the capital, in particular, the shareholders. Such an extension is predicated upon the speculation that companies do have wider responsibilities than simply to make money for their respective shareholders.

Importance of Mission Essay

What do you understand by complaint? develop why it is necessary at the jump point in the butt against of formulating a strategy? What do you understand by missionary post? As per Mintzberg A mission describes the organisations basic function in society, in terms of the products and services it produces for its customers. Mission defines the fundamental single-valued function of an oraganisation , describes why it exists and answers the question Wha do we do? .Mission didactics creates a aw areness of direction and opportunity and it creates value or those who get exposed to the statement, and those prospects are managers, employees and sometimes even customers. Both of these are essential part of the strategy-making march. It has a direct bearing on the bottom line and success of the organic law. then Mission statements plays (1) Communicate the purpose of the organization to stakeholders. (2) Inform strategy development. 3) organise the measurable goals and objectives by which to gauge the success of the organizations strategy. let off why it is necessary at the starting point in the process of formulating a strategy? To reach any destination the knowledge of lead is very important likewise for any organization to achieve its eventual(prenominal) objectives and goals, a well defined mission is very important. A strategical plan starts with a clearly defined business concern mission.Mission statement provides a path to realize the vision in line with its values. lt informs us the desired level of performance and used to set out a picture of the organization in the future For any new organization to be successful in achieving desired goals it has to formulate the strategy and mission is starting point in the process. Mission is necessary at the starting point in the process of formulating a strategy to know (1) The purpose of the organization.Why does the business exist? Is it to create wealth for shareholders? Does it exist to revenge the ne eds of all stakeholders (including employees, and society at large? ). The mission at the starting point helps in answering above questions. (2) A mission statement at the starting point provides the commercial logic for the business and so defines two things The products or services it offers (and therefore its competitive position) The competences with

Morality and God Essay

Morality only when exists if we recall in immortal at that placefore if divinity doesnt exist there is no lessonity. there require been so some(prenominal) evil acts committed in the piss of theology that it is difficult to maintain that a belief in perfection equates to lessonity. thither ar situations that happen every day where decisions ar do based off of gentle by advancedss that contradict the word of god. Morality comes from within, it is an understanding of right versus awry(p) and the ability to choose what is right. Knowing all this a belief in idol is non a requirement for a mortal to be lesson. (Mosser, 2011) We are taught that moralistics are basically the dissimilarity between right and wrong.A fry may be taught that theft is wrong beca drill it hurts the store owner and rouse ruin the childs reputation. Or the child may be told that if they steal they will be penalise because God is always watching. The child has learned the fundamental fight between right and wrong, even if the reasoning is different. This will allow the child to make moral decisions when they grow up whether it is based off of hu human beings compassion or business concern of God. If we accept that the child understands right from wrong regardless of their reason, we accept that God is non a requirement to be a moral mortal.If a person observes an act of violence or torture, they are morally required to stop it. In biblical measure these acts were not only accepted scarce encouraged by the bible. Today, a person would not trim back these things simply because they did not believe in God. thither are human rights that we believe individually person is entitle to and some iodin with good morals would help out another person in need because it is the right thing to do. If it turned out that God does not exist, violence and torture would not suddenly become acceptable. (Mosser, 2011) sens acceptance of a belief does not make it right.Ancien t holinesss that believed in numerous gods engage been pushed aside as fairy tales, for the more wide accepted belief in a single God. During their time those gods were prayed to equitable as fervently as todays God. What was accepted as true back and then is now hunch forwardn as a fable, and the laws of the day have been wiped away and re bureaud with our modern laws. These laws were put in to place to punish mass who do wrong to others. They have become the moral balance. If you do wrong you will be punished, if you continue to do what is right you will live unmolested and enjoy your freedoms.God is not a requirement for someone to act morally, because there are earthly punishments for crimes. on that point is no right or wrong without God because He turn backs what is right and wrong. Moral ideals cannot be enforced without God to ensure that we are punished or rewarded for our acts. Someone who does not believe in God may change their morals to whatever suits them at t he time. We have been given guidelines by God on what is morally acceptable, and informed of the punishment that comes with being immoral. When an unmarried does not believe in God they cannot be a moral person, because they have no moral standards.(Millard, A. 2000) The Ten Commandments give us a basic understanding of what is right and wrong. These Commandments along with various scriptures from the bible determine which acts are moral and which are immoral. An individual who witnesses a crime but does not believe in God can simply fix that they are not responsible for stopping the crime. This may lead one to believe that if a non-believer does something right that they have morals. This is not the case, because they could just as easily do wrong and their conscience would have been just as clear.They have no moral compass to declaim them that this act is atomic number 82 them astray from God. (Riskin, S. 2007) If one does not believe in God they cannot know right from wrong a nd cannot do what is right because they do not have the understanding. The lack of a belief in God means that rules do not have to be followed. If you do not fear the ire of God, there is nothing to stop you from committing immoral acts, or any crimes for that matter. every situation can be overlooked because there is no fear of punishment without a fear of God.Only a person with a firm belief in God can be involveed moral because they fear His punishment and desire his reward. God is the only person neat enough to enforce moral standards, without his guidance there can be no binding morals. Moral standards come from God and without Him a person cannot be moral. When we talk in absolutes we ignore possibilities that exist outside of our beliefs. at that place are umteen examples of individuals that believed in God who acted immorally, as well as examples of batch who do not believe in God playing with good morals. Their beliefs do not determine their worship, their acts do.I f we are to base morality only when on a belief in God then which believer do we follow? Do we follow the believer who commits crimes, or only the believer who is an upstanding member of society? Adolf Hitler was raised as a Catholic, and in his adult life spoke of his religious beliefs. He wanted to create a pure Germany, through a religion known as positive Christianity. Positive Christianity removed the Jewish elements from the standard Christianity doctrine and replaced them with Nazi philosophy. More than six million Jewish people were killed during the Holocaust in the ideal of positive Christianity.Bill Gates is celebrated as saying he does not know if there is a God or not, yet he donates billions of dollars to Charity every year. The nates he formed with his wife to address extreme poverty and shortsighted health in third world countries has brought attention and relief to millions of people across the globe. These acts were not done in the hopes that they would be rewa rded, but sooner to help the human condition. A general concern about the wellbeing of our neighbors is not exclusive to God. Not every action is based solely off of a persons morals.There are many reasons people decide to do things and we cannot judge a persons moral standing off of a single action. We do not look at Adolf Hitler and say that he is a great moral figure because he believed in God. On the same note we do not look at Bill Gates, a non-believer and say that he is immoral. We look at their actions over time and determine whether or not they acted morally. We know that killing millions of innocent people is immoral just as we know that helping sick and injured people is moral. Which God you believe in determines what you consider to be moral.Muslims harmonise that polygamy is acceptable. Protestants and the Jewish believe disunite is acceptable if certain conditions are met. Catholics are strictly against both polygamy and divorce. Which God is morally right? All of these groups worship the same God, so perchance it is the translation of the word of God that is in question. When we look at this we go to have a better understanding that Gods strange words could bring the thought of what is moral crumbling down. There are many controversial moral endorsements in the bible that are accepted today.There are also commands given that are ignored because they are no longer socially accepted as truth. Exodus 2013 says we must not kill. However, Leviticus 2013 tells us that if a man lies with another man he must be put to death. There are many debates and arguments over whether homosexuality is moral, but we overlook the game part of the scripture because it is no longer held as a effectual punishment. The times have changed and we cannot murder or we will go to jail. Leviticus 1919 says it is a sin to wear clothes made from deuce different types of material.You will be hard pressed to find anyone climb up this claim today. (King James Bible) Many religious people have chosen scripture from the bible to suit their lifestyles over the years, but ignore things that are no longer socially accepted as immoral. They deem others to strict standards on matters that they do not agree on and use verses from the bible to support their viewpoint. If everyone used the internal right versus wrong onslaught to morality there would be less confusion on which standards we held each other to.It is unfair to condemn someone for something using half of a statement from the bible, and then ignore the rest of the statement because it does not agree with current beliefs. Our faith, lessons from our parents or even witnessing other peoples actions are different reasons to decide what we believe is moral. All three have flaws that can lead to differing views on the same subject. However, at the end of the day there are certain things that everyone accepts as morally right, or morally wrong. These are situations where it does not matter how you le arned it, you just know it.Biblical teachings tell us that certain things are acceptable, while others are punishable by death. But in the legal society of America acting on the acceptable things will land you in prison, and the immoral sins are inviolable rights. Every day decisions are made across the world without having to consider if we will be punished by a higher being. These things settle that a person does not have to believe in God to act morally. A moral person is someone who not only understands the difference between right and wrong, but also does what is right.The lack of God in someones life doesnt make a person immoral just as the presence of God does not make someone moral. Morality is not proven by a belief in God. References King James Bible Millard, A. (2000). How reliable is hegira? Biblical Archaeology Review, 26(4), 50-57. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/214908737? accountid=32521 Mosser, K. (2011). Logic an introduction. San Diego Bridge point Education, Inc. Riskin, S. (2007). Ten commandments audience? Washington Jewish Week. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/docview/220857354? accountid=32521.

Accounting fraud Essay

Accounting fraud merchantman be defined as knowingly falsifying accounting records in order to affix sales revenue and net income. Accounting fraud is committed in lodges by means of showing false information, using funds for vicious purposes or puff up expenses, overstating revenues, understating expenses or overstating the value of in corporeal assets. All these activities atomic number 18 enti verify un estimable. Behaving ethic tout ensembley depends on the capability to recongnize the ethical issues and to believe on their existence. This ability to respond ethically at landplace related much to attributes of in merged finish than to attributes of various(prenominal) employee Individuals often fail to realise their clean-living obligations at work and by being subject to worlds temptation fails to tread on their set ethical radixards and behave unethically. throng especially of todays generation ar so much engrossed in their witness different criterias of thei r lives that they al around forget to confine themselves to ethical boundaries that is why ethical decisivenesss are al demeanors difficult to make and its foundation is found on several factors however if we talk about the decision by considering incorrupt philosophies of a psyche that depends on whether the person is qualification a work-related decision or ain-life decision.See more Basic Economic conundrum of Scarcity EssayA person in the business do main(prenominal) might view of the problem by conceptualiseing differently beacause of the impertinent force and under the work pressure. However, the same decision might be unacceptable to him outside the work. The second reason of slew changing moral philosophies could be the corporate close where they work. Rules and personalities of a business culture person eventually effects on the person and exerts pressure to conform to the crockeds culture. Edward Hall (1959), described culture as a quiet language, and defines it as that variance of mans behavior which he takes for granted, the part he doesnt think about, since he assumes it is universal or regards it as idiosyncratic. Geert Hofstede (1993) defined it as the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes one class or category of people from an early(a). (P.489) A culture followed in corporate or on industrial take aim is known as Meso- culture and every transcription has their own set agendas regarding morality because work ethics plays a pivotal role at work place to predominate employees to behave ethically and keeping into account the ethical dimensions. In most of the organizations, there are set rules and policies specifically formulated to make ethical environment.Every organization has a culture which mainly comes from the side of f number trouble and the rest of the employees follows the set trends and culture of their own corporate sectors. The culture of the organization varies from organization to organizat ion because of the different perceptions of the chief executive officers (CEO) and the carte of Directors (BOD). Individuals in hard-nosed lives tend to take decisions according to their own moral values and set standards however, in business it changes and is quite the other way round. People get pressurised often and take decisions whatever is percieved as practiced or wrong in their surroundings and to a fault choose on producing the greatest bene conniptions with least harm. Individuals cannot simply enforce their personal perspective, though they are responsible for their actions but the intellect of middle- management or entry level employee to have the freedom to take decision on their own at the work place is unrealistic.For example, if an employee can attract more customers by grown bribe to someone in the business, his decision would rely on whether complying with caller-out policy or requirements is an important motivation to the man-to-man or not. So for that purpo se, according to Drake and Drake (1988), there is a necessity for the development of training programmes to impose corporate values.These programmes must explain the ethical and legal principles to the employees and show practical examples which can be used as a guidance. (p.111) Thus, the set principles and policies regarding work ethics in an organization and in addition to that the training programs can guide, govern or direct the employees to follow ethics and helps in institutionalizing organizations. check to ethics consultant David Gebler, Most unethical behaviour is not do for personal gain, its done to meet performance deaths. Mostly people are of the view that individual moral philosophies plays main role for the ethical behaviour in business. Although moral philosophies learned through family, religion and schooling are important but it is only one factor which helps in decision making it is not sufficient to prevent ethical wrongdoing especially in the business se ctor. Studies show that the reward for meeting performances and the corporate culture are the main drivers in ethical decision making because the companies have a life of their own and the individuals working in the participation are transcended by its corporate culture and with the passage of time, these patterened activities become instituionalized inwardly the organization.Peer influence likewise effects to some extent in the decision making employees can be lulled by each other in making unethical decisions or when facing with ethical dilemmas nonetheless, everything still surrounds around the corporate culture and its strict policies for the ethical behaviour because when the policies willing be strict, every employee would strive hard for the performance goal. If I fit myself in a situation where I can easily inflate my account on clubs expenses, I would be swayed by the companys culture. I might not even think of committing any fraud or inflate the expense on compan ys account, if the company is strict in its policies. But at times, it also depends on an individual moral values of a person in taking decision which is transmitted normally from families. According to my vantage point, individual moral development for taking a decision is a standby factor what drives first instantly to the person to behave ethically is the corporate culture since a company cannot rely on every individual to behave ethically on their own. They cant just stand in front of people and say they want them to have a good attitude and be excited, says Pecos River president Elizabeth Wilson.Taking decision in practical life and in work life differs. People in their work lives are driven by some targets and goals which are triggered in them by the organisation where they work and that effects on their performance. Similarly, when they take decision in their work lives , they are not driven by their own values, the companys formulated culture effects their decision making. Nevertheless, if a person takes any decision without any concern or reflecting on the ethical dimensions these sort of misbehaviours are referred to as unethical business practices (eg Garrett et al.,1989 Giacalone and Jurkiewicz, 2003 King, 1986).According to potato (1989), morality should be followed in corporate sectors in the form of corporate creed and ethical code. The former establishes the organisational ethical values whereas the latter is a specific set of guidelines which must be developed in all functional areas of the firm. To conclude, business ethics plays a pivotal role in developing a corporate culture.Although, all the implementation of principles and ethics is a bit difficult procedure but it impacts on the employees in the organisation in higher degree and rein them from involving in unethical activities. It is self-explanatory that in principle individuals are more ethical if a corporation has a written, formal code and less ethical otherwise. (Vitell et al.,1993,p.336). Hence, according to Vitell, the idea of a formal written code for ethics works thoroughly in corporate sector. In addition, moral values of an individual which are mainly effected by religion, personal cognitive approach, family, beliefs, education et cetera also plays an important role in preventing the employees in taking any unethical decision, however, it is only a secondary factor for an employee has a performance goal in his mind while working and the decision forms according to a corporate culture and the ethics followed in organizations since a company cannot rely on individuals individually to have ethical standards and beliefs. For that purpose , there is a necessity of a corporate culture which work as the main driver to act ethically in a work- place and in situations related to corporate sector.REFERENCESArunchand, C H Ramanathan, Hareesh N. organisational Culture and Employee team spirit A Public Sector Enterprise Experience, Journal of Strategic cl ement Resource Management2.1 (2013) 1-8. Mickalowski, Kyle Mickelson, Mark Keltgen, Jaciel. Apples Iphone Launch A grammatical case Study In Effective Marketing The short letter Review, Cambridge9.2(Summer 2008). Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 29 September,14Caulkin, S. 2002, true Thinking, Bad Practice, The Observer (7th April), 11 Claver, Enrique Llopis, Juan Gasco, Jose L. International Journal of take to be Based Management15.2 (2002) 151-163 Drake, B. H.and E. Drake, (1988), Ethical and legal aspects of managing corporate culture California management review 30 (2), 107- 123 Fritzche, D. J. 1995, Personal Values Potential Keys to Ethical conclusiveness Making, Journal of Business Ethics 14(11), 909922. Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 5 May,14Garrett D. E., J. L., Bradford.,R. A. Meyers., J, Becker 1989 exhausts Management and Organizational accounts An analysis of Corporate responses to Accusations of Unethical Business Practices, Journal of Business Ethics 8 (7), 507- 520, Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed 6 May,14 Geert, H., Bond, M. H., & Luk, C. L. (1993). Individual Perceptions of Organizational Cultures. Organization Studies, 14(4), pp. 483-503. Retrieved from ProquestDatabase, viewed 11 may,14 Hall, E.T. (1959). The Silent Language, New York Doubleday Lincoln, D., M. M. Pressey and T. Little 1982, Ethical Beliefs and Personal Values of covering Level Executives, Journal of Business Research (10), 475487Murphy Herta A., Effective Business Communication (7th Edition), Herbert W. Hildebrandt , Mc Graw- Hill.Nakano, Chiaki. Asian Business & Management, suppl. Special Issue Japanese Business & Society in a world-wide Age6.2 (Jun 2007) 163-178. The Significance and limitations of Corporate Governance from the perspective of Business Ethics Towards the innovation of an Ethical Organizational Culture, Retrieved from Proquest Database, viewed on 10 May, 14. Vitell, S. J., et al, (1993), Marketing Norms The influ ence of personal moral philosophies and organizational ethical culture Journal of the academy of trade science 21 (4), 331-337, Retrieved from Proquest Database, Viewed on 12 May,14. Yallapragada, RamMohan R. Roe, C. William Toma, Alfred G. Accounting fraud and snow-clad collar crimes in the US, Journal of Business Case Studies8.2 (2012) 187. Retrieved from Proquest Database, Viewed on 7 May,14.

Managing a Business

centering is an art or praxis of managing (especi bothy a business or money. According to behavioral theories of management the traditional notion of Management is planing, organizing, leading and controlling. We have chosen Hong Kong and Shanghai border (HSBC) to explain these management concepts.PLANNING proviso is an beta management function that has to be carried pop protrude in an organization as it helps in determining the organisational goals and to create an action plan to carry it out.PLANNING PROCESSEvery divisions coach-and-four is responsible for preparing its own plans of action to carry out their tasks in the most effectual manner. These plans of action can also be termed as tactical plans as they atomic number 18 designed to help tend major strategical plans along with helping the organization to achieve its boilersuit goals.SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM PLANNINGThe manager undertakes both short-term planning as well as long-term planning. The bank stresses on t he discussion sections to lay greater emphasis on short-term goals so that the bank sees at least the short-term results of each division and, in that locationfore, the progress of the departments.While preparing its plans, each department takes into rumination the resources, capital and human both, useable to the department and the cipher that is available to the department for each of the products. The manager also plans for the existing product line as well as the new products that argon recently launched in the food market. Lastly, the manager also plans for the targeted volume of each product.After the plan has been devised taking into account all the above factors, the plan is sent to the Central Planning Department, which is centralized. The Central Planning Department is a group of planning specialists who thus prep bes the overall prospective plan for the bank and submits it to the Finance Department.At the same time, monthly meetings are held in which all the head s of various departments and the Board of Directors get together to review budget vs. variances, profit and loss accounts, cash flows, inventory level, and so on of each department and thence the marketing department, for example, will have to come up with a new plan to overcame the shortcomings as pointed out by the Board of Directors.STRATEGIESStrategy construction is an important part of planning which the department also undertakes. There are various strategies and methods use by the departments to undertake their plans.PRICING dodgeOne of the strategies that it uses is the hurt Strategy. In this strategy, they look at the current prices in the market and then plan accordingly and then project the new prices which will judge to be more profitable than the old prices.Note While we are talk of the town about the pricing then we mean the prices of the products that the banks are offering and the price itself is the interest rate being offered.COST BASED PRICING STRATEGY The o ther strategy used by the departments is Cost Based set Strategy. The departments sets the products prices by looking at the components those make up their price, that is, its imagery, cost and profit. The department al counsels tries to set the price, which is lower than the competitors and brings in compulsory cash flow. So, it tries to produce the products at the lowest possible cost by investing more money into R&D so that it could increase its profit margin further.OTHER STRATEGIESOther strategies used are market look, which is conducted on a teeny basis but is very important for the marketing Department. And as their focus is on corporate clients, the carry out corporate surveys and interviews with their customers, which adds a personal touch and results in, increased sales. Focus groups and questionnaires are also sometimes distributed to get responses from the customers. Sampling is another strategy used by the department in which they give sample products to various houses which they deal randomly and the results are then verified by the sales and marketing team carrying out the research.ORGANIZINGOrganizing is the next important function of management which is the concession of resources available to the participation to different tasks in order to achieve the strategic goals.ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURELike every other order HSBC has also been ceremonious as a separate legal entity having its own managing director and a team of professionals to head each department. As evident from the organizational organize of the participation, the company has a formal structure i.e. it is official and planned and has by choice planned structure of roles within the organization.It follows the organic style of management where government agency is based on expertise rather than hierarchy and, therefore, believes in participative ratiocination making in which employees working in all levels of the company are involved. Decision making power is delega ted up to the level of middle management. The company believes in the philosophy that To get the job done most efficiently, hatful doing the job should essentially be indecision making.All the decisions, whether small or minor, are made at the top levels in the companys hierarchy. Therefore, HSBC is a centralized company in the sense that provided the department heads and the managing director is involved in decision making.MARKETING DEPARTMENTS STRUCTUREIn the merchandising Department, the office staff to make decisions is vested in the Marketing Director, who makes all the decisions for his department and then delegates authority and province to their subordinates.The sales team collects information like the sales figure soon in the market, information about the competitors, etc. and is handed over to the Marketing Director who then makes the final decision based on the available information. There are assistant marking managers working under the brand managers who are somet imes asked to give suggestions if a decision requires information associate to a task which is directly handled by them.HSBC follows the concept of line authority as the people in the management positions such as the research division manager has the power to control and direct the immediate employees which in this case are the field investigators.LEADINGHSBC believes that leadership is an art or motion of influencing people so that they perform assigned tasks willingly and in an efficient and effective manner. The marketing director, therefore, thinks that leadership is crucial in motivating and invigorate the workforce.MOTIVATORSThe company uses only two ways of regarding the employees either by increase the salary or prompting the employees if possible. The company strictly adheres to the policy of forward motion from within.Job enrichment provided by HSBC is almost negligible which limits the scope of jobs for the employees because of which employees leave the company for b reak in job offers elsewhere.HSBC does provide a good working environment to its employees and there are large numbers of female employees working in the company.There is juicy employee turnover in HSBC because of the few opportunities of progressing that the company provides to their employees because of which none of the employees stay with the company for a long time.CONTROLLINGControlling which is the fourth function of management is in effect practiced in HSBC. The director of the Human Resource Department monitors employees activities, keeps the departments on track towards achieving the goals and makes department of corrections as needed. These are the basic functions of controlling which are used in this department.CONTROL METHODS Regular meetings are held to check the progress of the employees and then make amendments as needed. Marketing and sales teams are sent for study visits to places and when they come back, they have to report to the marketing director in way of bo th formal and informal reports The director then sees the results of the visit whether there was an increase in sales or not and therefore, make corrections like to change the sales team in the next visit, etc. These, therefore, train the employees in the practical aspects of the job which prove to be unspoilt for the company.ReferenceCourtland L. Bovee, John Thill, (2004), Business in Action, 3rd Ed.Christopher Kingsley (1993), A trainers primer Advice to the critic trainer about the basics of organizing, planning, and leading an effective training seminar (Technical assistance & training publication series)Sandy Schuman (2005), The IAF Handbook of Group Facilitation Best Practices from the trail OrganizationLuis Martin Diaz (2006), Evaluation of Cooperative Planning in Supply ChainsDavid A. Baldwin, Frances C. Wilkinson, and Daniel C. Barkley (2000), Effective Management of Student Employment.Rohan Wickremasinghe (Daily News May 3, 2001), Management Consultant, President o f Institute of culture

Crime Scenes

Crime scenes atomic number 18 known to exploit umteen other types of manifest somewhat atomic number 18 physical(DNA,fingerprints,Handwriting,photographs and clothing). outline turn up elicit be microscopic most report Evidence is small it give the sackt be seen with the military personnel eye.Trace induction is read left by an individual at the annoyance scene it give notice be either intentional or unintentional.Trace evidence is left by touch and character would be if you had a really fuzzy pinafore and a person brushes up against you,the fibers from your sweater would transfer to that persons clothing . There are several different types of Trace Evidence such(prenominal) as fibers,hair,soil,wood,gunshot residue,pollen,chemicals and many another(prenominal) other types.Trace Evidence prat be circumstantial an example would be if someone was murder at a house and that persons mums fingerprint was at that the crime scene,and the mom had visited a week ago the fin gerprint has a reason to be there. However she still could hand over murdered her child so she leave behind still have to be cleared as a suspect.Edmond Locard, novice of the Institute of Criminalistics at the University of Lyon, France, developed what has become known as Locards flip-flop Principle.This states that every contact leaves a trace (Trace Evidence). Investigators can potentially liaison a suspect and a victim to a location with trace evidence. Glass from doors or windows can stick on the soles of shoes.It can be found on clothes,tools,skin and weapons.Different types of glass break and shatter differently.Glass can also hold fingerprints.Dust and dirt can also determine where a person has been,where they have puzzle outed,where they live and if they have pets.Pollen is also included in this this because it is a type of dirt and dust and can tell investigators if a suspect has been outside and where they have been.Forensic investigators must handle evidence from a crime scene with care so that they do not soil any evidence. Investigators have certain way of rolling ballistic evidence in order to prevent contamination and assure that it can be a valuable source of data.The truth about how investigators deal with evidence is very far from the Hollywood image that has been created from shows. The accumulation of ballistic evidence can be broken down into collection of firearms, ammunition, and gunpowder deposits. In all cases, an investigators first priority is safety.Before a firearm is displace to a laboratory, it must be checked to see there is no chance of an accidentals shot of a weapon. To be safe, in most cases a weapon will be unloaded. Some important things that investigators note in this process are the weapons safety position and the location of fired and unfired ammunition this way, no evidence is lost.Since trace evidence covers a wide modification of stuff, there is similar variety in the test that is performed. Specialized t esting may be done outside of the local laboratory at regional or national facilities. The type of test performed and the range of instruction provided vary by the type of evidence tested.For example, analysis of a bound of hair may yield information on the race and commonplace health of the donor, while analysis of a paint sample would in all probability find the manufacturer of the paint .Hair samples are tested primarily by microscopic comparison. Microscopic comparison identifies the shape, color, texture and other visual aspects of the sample.In some cases hair is subjected to DNA analysis. Trace evidence analysts usually have strands to work with.From these strands, fiber testing is done using high-powered comparison microscopes to correspond texture and wear in a side-by-side test. Chemical analysis can determine the chemical composition of the fibers. In the case of synthetic theoretical account or carpet, this information can be used to trace the return to the manufa cturer using standards databases, further enhancing the probative value of the evidence.Glass can have valuable information through with(predicate) fracture marks, lines and patterns.Testing for unique characteristics such as color, optical properties and density can determine the type of glass, for example a window pane, vase or glass bottle. Powerful comparison microscopes are used to compare colors, thickness and layer patterns, and luster or to add up fragments and tears.Blood SpatterBlood Spatter is another thing that processs return rid of lunatics and murderers. One of the most important fields of forensic accomplishment is riptide spatter analysis. Under the Crime Scene Investigation, analysts gather the information that could eventually lead to a victims killer. Basic and complicated information can be found when analyzing blood.We can learn what kind of weapon was used, the measure of death of a victim and other important facts that can help a case. The pattern that the blood gives send off give forensic scientists the tools that they request to help solve cases. Investigators can find clues from a murder through a number of different ways. Typically they find out how many times an object hits a part of the body.Stains that are on walls and/or ceilings can tell you that a lot of force was used.. A raw material bloodstain pattern is known as transfer or contact. These are make when someone walks through a blood leaving footsteps or trails. gunfire spatters are very common in crime scenes, and give off a sort of mist effect.Sources of blood can reveal the origins of whatever it is investigators are looking for. If someone was interested in pursuing a career in forensics they would need a strong stomach or hardy exterior. The scenes can be gruesome and this job isnt for everybody. Also work environment involves visiting morgues with hundreds of dead bodies.A quality that is needed in this field is composure. Things do tend to happen so foren sics and other technicians have to refrain themselves and get the job done. Critical thinking and problems solving skills are very important when solving cases that deal with quick decision reservation and the need of good judgment.Every analyst needs to pay solicitude to detail because they need to notice the small things in order to collect good data.The first record of blood spatter was in 1895. Dr. Eduard Piotrowski of the University of Krakw published a paper titled On the formation, form, direction, and spreading of blood stains after blunt trauma to the head.

Understand Partnership Working in Services for Children and Young People L 2

Working in partnership with others is actu whollyy important for tikeren and young stack it provide help them to maintain consistent routines, which is very essential it provides them with a sense of security and structure to their day. every(prenominal) adults who do with tikeren and young mountain adopt a duty to put up on very soundly with each other to demonstrate a positive attitude at work background and to amaze good professional person relationships and also be a good role model to the fryren and young quite a little they argon caring for, this ordain help determine the type of c atomic fig 18 the youngster needs temperament, likes, dislikes, health, interest and behaviour.Successful relationships surrounded by colleagues bequeath anyow them to surcharge together to create a warm, friendly welcoming atmosphere and proceed a safe environment for the electric razorren and young citizenry and also to found a plan fix for individual this leave behind h elp to repress either unnecessary conflicts or mis concord between them.P arnts/carers must ceaselessly be involved in their infantrens daily learn evolution and willing to work with the electric shaver care workers as part of the team, so good relationship and good dialogue skills between the two parties will have a huge effect on the childs development, and it will suck it easier for both to approach one a nonher for either feedback and concerns for the child which is important to have this study and be aware of whatsoever sudden change in the child to act fast, to resolve some(prenominal) problems he/she whitethorn have, after all parents/carers and practioners are all aiming at the comparable goal, that is the health and well being of the children and young people and to relieve oneself sure that they have the opportunities to get the most out of life.Feedbacks between the two happens either face to face when the parents/carers drop off their children or at the p ick up time, but sometimes through informal meetings to plow their childs progress and needs, and suggest ways in which parents/carers whoremaster stimulate their childs learning and development at home. The immensity of these meetings is to have a sluttish picture and full understanding of the child in addition to organize activities that will encourage the childs physical, excited, intellectual, and social growth. It is the practioners duty to help children explore individual interests, build self-esteem, develop talents and independence and learn how to get along with others. In some cases unfortunately are non straight forward, where out of doors professional agencies whitethorn get involved in the childs life where in that location may be issues like for xample, speech difficulties, in this case the child will be referred to speech therapy where he/she be seen by a specializer who will provide sessions on one to one basis, to help the child to improve their speech. Fo r children who are affected by behaviour or frantic difficulties, psychologist will be involved in their learning development. Social function may be involved too if there are any concerns or sign of child ab employ, it is their duty to investigate any say incident and to assess the risk to the child and their need for protection. Social workers will often work closely with the child and the family to provide them with supports, but if the child is highly at risk of abuse, then the police will be contacted and involved too.Other outside agencies who may be involved are physio, they provide answers to help children who having problems with their muscular or breathing problems. SENCO is responsible for sustenance children with special education needs to reduce the underachievement gap and enable all children to reach their full potential. Children who are facing problems with visual or comprehend impairment are referred to sensory impairment team who will offering the best advi ce to the parents/carers on how to help the child and also how to use equipment tellingly. The effective partnership on the job(p) together is to share information astir(predicate) the child, their interests, routines and works to resolve issues such behaviour, sleep routine etcThat is why it is vital to have good working partnership with parents/carers or guardians, they seem to know their child better than anybody else when it comes to the childs interests, needs and strengths. Many parents/carers are very supportive and have a very good knowledge on how to help their child, especially where the child has medical examination or physical disability. When there is poor or want of communication between the two parties, administrate of unnecessary conflicts and misunderstanding will appear causing barriers to partnership which may have a strong effects on the childs learning development. roundtimes there are various reasons for barriers to partnership working one of them could be simply language barrier, culture, attitude and social scotch background. in that location are also many reasons can courtship barriers between practioners and the child, it can be anything that prevents the child from participating fully because he/she was not given a chance to try certain activities, which make him tactile sensation excluded from the group. Some adults have a belief that disabled children are incapable, or to be pitied or feared. Barriers can be environmental too where the set forth are inaccessible due to steps or poor lighter or other difficulties that occur within the environment such as the use of complex language or it could be a lack of discriminatory policies or social functions. In order to promote inclusion, practioners must be aware of features that may cause a barrier to participation.Good communication between partners is central to working with children and young people and parents/carers it helps build trusts and understanding the perspective of others. It also encourages them to seek advice and uses services it is key to establishing and maintaining relationships. It is important for practioners to use clear language to communicate with all children, young people, and parents/carers and all partners including people who find communication difficult to overcome any conflicts and misunderstandings, it is best to total situations in the appropriate way for the individual, taking account factors such as background, age and personality.Having a clear communication between partners will make it easier to collect and gain information on the children and understand their needs which will help providing the right activities for individual and maintain a safe learning environment for the children and young people whom they are working with, and again it becomes such(prenominal) easier to communicate about issues and resolve problems that inevitably arise. Listening is the heart of clear communication, when people feel listened to and have their feelings accepted, they feel relief and move on to problem solving but when they do not feel soundless or they feel judged or are interrupted, their annoyance or tump over increases. Policies vary depending on type of work and the business, but there are quite a few policies that every work place should have like A Code of Conduct sets standards of ethical conduct and work place behaviour.Policies in workplace is a statement of principle and formula dealing with ongoing management and administration of the organisation, they act as a guiding frame of reference for how the organisation deals with everything from its day-to day operational problems or how to respond to requirements to comply with legislation, regulation and codes of practice. Policies explain how to perform tasks and duties, it is a procedure specifying who in the organisation is responsible for particular tasks and activities, or how they should be air out their duties, these should be reasonab le and clearly understood. Confidentiality is one of the things that is included in child care policy, it is very vital to be kept clannish unless otherwise.This confidential information is private and personal it includes *Address *Contact number *Birth date *Emergency contact information *Records of any medical history including immunisations *Contact information of the next kin *Details of the childs GP &038 dentist *Nutritional restrictions *progress reports that has been gathered by observation *Referrals details *slips/forms of any injury occurring at the program *family changes All these information must be treated confidential in all child care programs and must not be shared outside the programs between friends and families of practioners it is against the confidentiality policy and can have serious consequences. It can at sea lot of people.Trust may be lost causing impairment to working relationships and also leads to disciplinary action by superior, not to abide by t he bad affect on the care workers professional reputation. Sensitive information should made available to practitioners only on a need-to-know basis. That means that different practitioners in the same setting will not necessarily have access to the same information. Therefore should not wrangle confidential matters with colleagues unless it is appropriate and can be done privately. Sometimes confidential information needs to be discussed with parents/carers, this should be done privately as well. All this confidential information must be stored securely and pass with care.Never leave sensitive paperwork or files where people who do not need to know will have access to them. If a setting stores records on computer, they must be registered on the Data Protection Register. There are rules about what information can be recorded and how information should be kept. Referrals take place for different reasons such as having concerns about the safety, welfare and/ or well being of children etc Referrals of children in need should whenever possible, be accompanied by a statement of consent from the child or young person and parents/carers. Children and young people who are suffering of import harm will have social services involved in their cases, or maybe even the police depending how serious the harm is.Some children who having difficulty in communication will be referred to speech therapy, who will arrange one to one sessions once a week with parents/carers permission, the child will be assessed by specialist to help them recognize the cause of speech delay or problem, and what kind of methods and activities will be utilizable for individual to be able to respond to the treatment he/she be receiving. Other children may have different issues like behaviour, or emotional difficulties, in this case they will be seen by psychologist and again same procedure will be needed. Physio will deal with children and young people who have muscular or emotional problems. Physio will use exercise for this matters.

Delimiting the Central Business district in Chippenham

A CBD is a of import business district. This is the f wholly out where the majority of office blocks are and a handsome numerate of comparison unwraps and shopping takes. Also a factor that shows is that the contribute rent is noble leading to the land being used to its copious potential.I predict that in that respect are several places in chippenham that could be possible CBDs. These are as follows* In the upper part of the townspeoplesfolk near to the station* In the central high street* On the outskirts of town located in the bumpers farm industrial estate.Out of these I believe that the high street and the sharpen of the town are some likely to show characteristics of a CBD.MethodologyHow we can delimit the CBD of chippenhamIn order to risk out where the CBD of chippenham is we are going to score to do one or two of several things. We lead use the things that CBDs have in common and test chippenham to find where these things are most gravid (where the CBD resul t be). Some of the test that we can use will be* Finding where the pedestrian immersion is the highest* Where the larger facades of the shops are* Where there are a high amount of fast fodder restaurants and cafes* We could use the adjacent neighbour analysis on the shops* We could use the proportion of the shops and retail outlet compared to the other land used (in the CBD) it would be higher* We could conduct a business index (if we could gain access to the buildings)We have decided that receivable to a limit of time and recourse we will us the quest method to find the CBD of Chippenham* We will do a pedestrian ascertain at several sites around the centre of the town, tallying the amount of great deal that walk past us in a minute. We will absorb this crap an average.* Pace out the frontage of the shop to find if there are each with a much larger space than others (these will probably be the chain stores).* And count the number of fast food and restaurant outlets from the arches to the market place at the top of town, as this will give us an idea of where the demand for fast food is at the highest.Once we have through this we will be able to secret plan graphs and draw conclusion of where the CBD is.Results and graphsA graph to show the pedestrian density on the centre of ChippenhamThis graph shows very clearly that as we get closer to the centre of town the density of pedestrians increase which is what we would have expected. Woolworths is the place where the highest density is this is the middle of the high street.A graph to show the shop frontage of Chippenham town centreThe largest shop frontage is on the easterly side of the street which includes Wilkinsons and Woolworths. The largest shop frontage appears to be in the centre of the high street also agreeing with the prediction that I make.EvaluationFrom the manifest we have gathered we can see that the CBD of Chippenham is the centre of town. The pedestrian count showed a higher density o f people in the centre than any other location in the town. There we a high amount of fast-food outlets and cafe in the town centre but these numbers diminish the further a way form town you got. The shop frontage count showed that the majority of large shop frontages were chain outlets and the larges ones we positioned in the town centre. However there were a few exceptions like Iceland which had a high frontage but want located in the centre. We also made an observation that in the north of the town there are a high amount of solicitors and building societies. These are comparison businesses so intrust on each other for their trade this is why they are all so close together.If I were going to this experiment again I would change certain things depending on the amount of money and recourses I had in stock(predicate) to me.I think I would try and have a higher amount of people doing the pedestrian counts so that I could have larger amounts of data. This would hopefully improve th e quality and accuracy of my results. I would have done the experiment at several different times if day to find out if that had an influence of the data. The experiment was done on a cold-temperate day so I dont think the weather would have stirred the results.I would have done the frontage of the shops with slightly more immaculate equipment (measures with instruments rather than pacing). Thins may have had a bearing on the results as yet I think that the pacing method was fairly accurate.

Production Strategy Essay

The heart get along of while pass for machining and weld during the make of angiotensin-converting enzyme BodyPlus100 (includes the machining and weld bits menti integrityd in Frame Unit, run Station and Pec-dec Station) atomic follow 18 cardinal (8) hours.The resume turn of events of hours washed-out for Painting and finish in the finished process (includes the machining and weld hours menti angiotensin converting enzymed in Frame Unit, advocate Station, and Pec-dec Station) is five-spot (5) hours.The substance subroutine of hours spent for Assembling, examen and furtherance for the manufacture of wiz(a) BodyPlus100 railcar is dickens (2) hours.BodyPlusccThe make out descend of time spent on machining and join in the entire process (includes the machining and join hours mentioned in Frame Unit, iron out Station, Pec-dec Station and rowlock Press Station) during the manufacture of one BodyPlus200 shape is twelve (12) hours.The broad(a) deem of hours spent for Painting and last in the entire process (includes the machining and welding hours mentioned in Frame Unit, Press Station, Pec-dec Station and wooden leg Press Station) is hug drug (10) hours.The contribute number of hours spent for Assembling, testing and packaging for the manufacture of one BodyPlus100 machine is 2 (2) hours.CalculationsThe complete number of on the job(p) hours delegate for machining and welding processes is 600 hours.The total number of working hours assigned for photograph and end processes is 440 hours.The total number of working hours assigned for Assembling, Testing and box is cxl hours.To stupefy out the total number of machines that tin be do discharge be found out in the following mathematics.As separately of the machines (BodyPlus100 and BodyPlus200) requires dickens (2) hours of assembling, testing and packaging time. do number of machines to be produced  directly let the total number of BodyPlus100 machines manufactures be de zero(prenominal)ed by the variable X and the total number of BodyPlus200 machines manufactured be denoted by the variable Y.Therefore, the total time need for Assembling, testing and Packaging is 2 hours.That implies,                          2X + 2Y = cxlThen X+Y=70. There we get the total number of possible machines that can be make atomic number 18 seventy in number.As the recommended number of BodyPlus200 machines that have to be produced must be at least 25% of the total number of machines produced.Then Y takes a value of 25% of the total number of possible machines i.e. seventy (70).Therefore, 17 fills in the best value of at least 25% of total number of machines produced when the count of total number of machines produced ar sixty five (65).Taking the number of BodyPlus100 machines and BodyPlus200 machines manufactured to be 49 and 16 in numbers respectively. Then the calculation follows asTime required for machining and welding1) BodyPlus100In the Frame whole, it takes four (4) hours of machining and welding time.In the Press Station, it takes two (2) hours of machining and welding time.In the Pec-dec Station, it takes two (2) hours of machining and welding time.The total number of machining and welding time interpreted in the manufacture of one BodyPlus100 machine is eight (8) hours.Therefore, the total time taken for machining and welding processes during the manufacture of 49 BodyPlus100 is 49*8 = 392 hours.2) BodyPlus200In the Frame unit, it takes five (5) hours of machining and welding time.In the Press Station, it takes three (3) hours of machining and welding time.In the Pec-dec Station, it takes two (2) hours of machining and welding time.In the pin Press Station, it takes two (2) hours of machining and welding time.The total number of machining and welding time taken in the manufacture of one BodyPlus200 machine is twelve (12) hours.Th erefore, the total time taken for machining and welding processes during the manufacture of 17 BodyPlus200 is 17*12 = 204 hours.Therefore, the total number of hours spent for the entire manufacture processes is equal to 392 + 204 = 596 hours so, we garbled 4 hours of unused machining and welding time. Time required for Painting and cultivation1) BodyPlus100In the Frame unit, it takes two (2) hours of pictorial matter and finishing time.In the Press Station, it takes one (1) hours of painting and finishing time.In the Pec-dec Station, it takes two (2) hours of painting and finishing time.The total number of painting and finishing time taken in the manufacture of one BodyPlus100 machine is five (5) hours.Therefore, the total time taken for painting and finishing processes during the manufacture of 49 BodyPlus100 is 49*5 = 245 hours.2) BodyPlus200In the Frame unit, it takes four (4) hours of painting and finishing time.In the Press Station, it takes two (2) hours of painting and finishing time.In the Pec-dec Station, it takes two (2) hours of painting and finishing time.In the Leg Press Station, it takes two (2) hours of painting and finishing time.The total number of painting and finishing time taken in the manufacture of one BodyPlus200 machine is ten (10) hours.Therefore, the total time taken for machining and welding processes during the manufacture of 17 BodyPlus200 is 17*10 = 170 hours.Therefore, the total number of hours spent for the entire manufacture processes is equal to 245 + 170 = 415 hours.Where the total number hours assigned for painting and finishing is 450 hours.Hence, we lost 35 hours of unused painting and finishing time.Time required for Assembling, Testing and Packaging1) BodyPlus100The manufacturing of one BodyPlus100 machine takes two (2) hours of assembling, testing and packaging time.Therefore, the total number of hours spent in assembling, testing and packaging during the manufacture of 49 machines is 49*2= 98hours.1) BodyPlus200 The manufacturing of one BodyPlus200 machine takes two (2) hours of assembling, testing and packaging time.Therefore, the total number of hours spent in assembling, testing and packaging during the manufacture of 17 machines is 17*2= 34hours.In total, the total number of hours spent during the entire process is 98 + 34 = 132 hours.As the assigned number of assembling, testing and packaging time is 140 hours.So, eight (8) hours of the assembling, testing and packaging time is unused. number Cost for producing the machines1) BodyPlus100The BodyPlus100 machine consists of four (4) units.Frame unit Where the blunt material terms for each BodyPlus100 unit is $450 in this Frame Unit.Press Station present the edged material cost for each BodyPlus100 unit is $300 in this Press Station.Pec-dec Station Here the newfangled material cost for each BodyPlus100 unit is $250 in this Pec-dec Station.Packaging Here the estimated cost for each BodyPlus100 unit is $50 for packaging.2) BodyPlus200T he BodyPlus200 machine consists of five (5) units.a) Frame unit Where the raw material cost for each BodyPlus200 unit is $650 in            this Frame Unit.b) Press Station Here the raw material cost for each BodyPlus200 unit is $400 in            this Press Station.c)  Pec-dec Station Here the raw material cost for each BodyPlus200 unit is $250 in            this Pec-dec Station.Leg Press Station Here the raw material cost for each BodyPlus100 unit is $200      in this Leg Press Station.Packaging Here the estimated cost for each BodyPlus200 unit is $75 for      packaging.Labor Costs during the manufacture ProcessMachining and welding Given that the dig costs are $20 per hour for machining and welding time. Now the total number of hours spent for machining and welding in manufacturing one BodyPlus100 and one BodyPlus200 are eight (8) and twelve (12) respectively.              Therefore, the drudge costs for machining and welding estimated for manufacturing one BodyPlus100 to be 8*20 = $160.              And, the labor costs for machining and welding estimated for manufacturing one BodyPlus200 to be 12*20 = $240.Painting and finishing Given that the labor costs are $15 per hour for painting and finishing time.Now the total number of hours spent for painting and finishing in manufacturing one BodyPlus100 and one BodyPlus200 are five (5) and ten (10) respectively.              Therefore, the labor costs for painting and finishing estimated for manufacturing one BodyPlus100 to be 5*15 = $75.              And, the labor costs for painting and finishing estimated for manufacturing on e BodyPlus200 to be 10*15 = $150.Assembly, Testing and Packaging Given that the labor costs are $12 per hour for assembly, testing, and packaging time.Now the total number of hours spent for assembling, testing and packaging in manufacturing one BodyPlus100 and one BodyPlus200 are two hours each.              Therefore, the labor costs for painting and finishing estimated for manufacturing one BodyPlus100 to be 2*12 = $24.              And, the labor costs for painting and finishing estimated for manufacturing one BodyPlus200 to be 2*12 = $24.Hence the total labor costs in manufacturing 49 BodyPlus100 are49*($160+$75+$24) = 49*($259)                                  = $12691 Also, the total labor costs in manufacturing 17 BodyPlus200 are17*($2 40+$150+$24) =17*($419)                                    = $7123Gross usance in the issue of one unit of  BodyPlus100 The total cost make in the manufacture of one BodyPlus100 machine (includes raw costs and labor costs)            $450+$110+$300+$55+$250+$70+$50+$24 = $1309.BodyPlus200 The total cost do in the manufacture of one BodyPlus200      machine (includes raw costs and labor costs)       $650+$160+$400+$75+$250+$70+$200+$70+$75+$24 = $1974.Profit CalculationsThe retail price of one BodyPlus100 machine is $2400.The retail price of one BodyPlus200 machine is $3500.An authorized head will purchase at unaccompanied 70% of the suggested retail price.Hence, a trade of one BodyPlus100 will produce 70% of $2400 = $1680And a sale of one BodyPlus20 0 will produce 70% of $3500 = $2450.Admittedly, the sack good that is do in the sale of one BodyPlus100 machine is ($1680 $1309) = $371.Whereas the net receipts that is made in the sale of one BodyPlus200 machine is ($2450 $1974) = $476.Here the net bread made on manufacturing one BodyPlus200 machine ($476) is larger in number than the profit that is made on manufacturing one BodyPlus100 machine ($371).But if we envision the net profit that is made per hour work will unaccompanied change the opinion onto BodyPlus100 machine.As, we get a profit of $476 after working 24 hours in manufacturing BodyPlus200 machine. This means the net profit made per hour on manufacturing one BodyPlus200 is only                          $476/24 = $19.83Whereas, the net profit made on manufacturing one BodyPlus100 machine is $371 after working for 15 hours.Therefore, profit made per hour is &nb sp                        $371/15 = $24.73ConclusionSo, referring to the above profit math increasing the production percent (i.e. >75%) in the total production will gradually increase the profits of the company.Solutions Plus                               Table2.1  No. of gallons requiredFreight ChargesNo of gallons supplied fromTotal charges for shipping   CincinnatiOaklandCincinnatiOaklandCincinnatiOaklandSanta Ana22,4180.2222,4184,931.96El Paso6,8000.840.746,8005,032Pendleton80,2900.830.4930,29050,00025,140.724,500Houston100,4770.4550,44750,00022,701.15Kansas city241,5700.36191,57050,00068,965.2Los Angeles64,7610.2214,76150,00011,000Glendale33,6890.2233,6897,411.58Jacksonville68,4860.3418,48650,0006,285.24 brusque gemstone148,5860.3498,58650,00033,519. 24Bridgeport111,4750.3451,47550,00017,501.5Sacramento112,0000.1562,00050,0007,500Total990,522Grand Total517,615462,907  Here we can see that the total numbers of gallons that are delivered from Cincinnati are more than 500,000 gallons. So we are short of 17,615 gallons of the locomotives alter agent that has to be delivered from Cincinnati.To satisfy the unavoidableness of the majority of the dealers in the remaining locations, and considering the profits, all the 17,615 gallons of the cleaning agent is cut down from the Pendleton deal.                            Table2.2 No. of gallons requiredProduction cost for the total number of gallonsTotal charges for shippingTotal expenditure from  Cincinnati($1.20/gallon)Oakland($1.65/gallon)CincinnatiOaklandCincinnatiOaklandSanta Ana22,418$36,989.70$4,931.96$41,921.66El Paso6,800$11,220.00$5,032.00$16,252.00Pendleton62,675$15,210.00$82,500.00$10,520.25$24,500.00 $25,730.25$107,000.00Houston100,477$60,536.40$82,500.00$22,701.15$83,237.55$82,500.00Kansas city241,570$229,884.00$82,500.00$68,965.20$298,849.20$82,500.00Los Angeles64,761$17,713.20$82,500.00$11,000.00$17,713.20$93,500.00Glendale33,689$55,586.85$7,411.58$62,998.43Jacksonville68,486$22,183.20$82,500.00$6,285.24$28,468.44$82,500.00 scant(p) Rock148,586$118,303.20$82,500.00$33,519.24$151,822.44$82,500.00Bridgeport111,475$61,770.00$82,500.00$17,501.50$79,271.50$82,500.00Sacramento112,000$74,400.00$82,500.00$7,500.00$74,400.00$90,000.00 After reducing the supply to the Pendleton concerning larger profits, the total no. of gallons of cleaning agent sent to the Pendleton will be 17,615 less than that verbalize in Table-2.1                                   Table-2.3 No. of gallons requiredNo. of gallons suppliedTotal Expenditure(in $)Total Income from each location (15% more than the actual cost)Santa Ana22,41822,418$41,921.66$48,209.91El Paso6,8006,800$16,252.00$18,689.80Pendleton***80,29062,675$132,730.25$152,639.79Houston100,477100,477$165,737.55$190,598.18Kansas city241,570241,570$381,349.20$438,551.58Los Angeles64,76164,761$111,213.20$127,895.18Glendale33,68933,689$62,998.43$72,448.20Jacksonville68,48668,486$110,968.44$127,613.71Little Rock148,586148,586$234,322.44$269,470.81Bridgeport111,475111,475$161,771.50$186,037.23Sacramento112,000112,000$164,400.00$189,060.00TOTAL990,552972,937$1,583,464.67$1,821,214.39*** indicates the locations that are short of the locomotive cleaning agent than they require by any amount.ConclusionHence the net profit made for one year is $237,749.72 and if the ask over is made for one year the total amount has to be $1,821,214.39 but given that the bid has to be made for two years. Then the bid price would be $3,642,428.78And the profit expected in two years (taken the oil colour prices a re fixed) is $475,499.44If the oil price is hiked by 15% then also profit is expected for the Solution Plus Company as there are few locations which are supplied with the cleaning agents without any shipping charges. So only a marginal amount of profit can be made in two years even after placing the bid.       If the price of oil is slashed by any margin, then there will be more profits for the       Company after one year.

Biography and Artwork of Guy Harvey Essay

guy rope Harvey was born in Lippspring Germany on September 16 1955. clapperclaw Harvey is a 10th generation Jamaican as his family of German inheritance immigrated there in 1664. zany Harvey grew up next to the islands of Jamaica where there he s create verballyt most of his time diving and fishing of the islands southern coast. khat soon fell in love and was fascinated by any types of fish and sea creatures. He thusly felt it necessary to re create all of these scenes in art so he began to discover a lot of marine manner. Guys natural founder to recreate the underwater realm has propelled him from Professor of Marine Biology to a Wildlife Artist and Photographer. Guy initially opted for a scientific education, earning high honors in Marine Biology at Aberdeen University in Scotland in 1977. He go along his formal training at the University of West Indies, where he obtained a doctorate in Fisheries art objectagement. In 1985 guy began to recreate the novel The Old Man and The Sea by Ernest Hemingway into a beautiful series of 44 pieces with pen and ink drawings.Guy enterered this artwork into museums in Jamaica. Guy received legion(predicate) awards and compliments on his pieces so by 1986 Guy went pro and then began providing artwork for merchandise such as apparel. Guy then became more than involved with underwater photography where he traveled the world and became ameliorate the art of photographing free swimming billfish. Guy Harvey also became involved with scuba diving. Being underwater and on top of it enable guy to genuinely get a better understanding of fish and marine life which makes his artwork that much more better and realistic. The Jamaica Committee presented Guy Harvey the face of Excellence for his hands-on commitment to marine sciences, his inspired promotion of the fortress of the marine environment and his philanthropy.The second is the Vasco Nunez de Balboa Grand Cross- the highest honor the country of sailor boy bestows on a non-Panamanian. Guy Harvey was presented this award for his work to preserve and denude Panamas marine resources. Lastly, the International Swimming Hall of Fame specious Medallion Award. Presented each year to a former competitive bather for his or her national or international significant achievements in the work of science, entertainment, art, business, education, or government. Guy has also written numerous books toward the conservation of fish and another(prenominal) marine species as well as the biology aspects of his work.Guy Harvey is not only a full time artist, buy Guy is a huge conservationist. Guy has created organizations such as the Guy Harvey sea Foundation to help ensure conservation with marine organisms. Guy donates thousands of dollars to other organizations as well to make sure that we have life modify ocean in another one hundred years.Referenceshttp//www.guyharvey.com/Biographyhttp//www.natureartists.comhttp//www.depaulas.com

Digital Fortress Chapter 88-93

Chapter 88The head fire up of Beckers Vespa threw stark shadows on the w wholes of the nar rowing passage courses. He struggled with the gear shift and roared between the whitewashed buildings, grown the inhabitants of Santa Cruz an early wake-up call this Sunday dawning.It had been less than thirty minutes since Beckers trip from the airport. Hed been on the run ever since, his mind grappling with endingless questions Whos act to kill me? Whats so special ab aside this ring? W present is the NSA jet? He thought of Megan dead(a) in the stall, and the na applya crept backward.Becker had hoped to cut directly a drag in the barrio and exit on the other side, totally if Santa Cruz was a bewildering labyrinth of course guidances. It was peppered with ph iodiney starts and dead ends. Becker quickly became disoriented. He looked up for the tower of the Giralda to astonish his bearings, only the surrounding walls were so high he could see nothing nevertheless a thin slit of b reaking dawn preceding(prenominal) him.Becker wondered where the valet in wire-rim glasses was he knew better than to think the assailant had minded(p) up. The killer probably was after(prenominal) him on foot. Becker struggled to worldeuver his Vespa al close tight corners. The sputtering of the engine echoed up and strike down the alleys. Becker knew he was an sonant target in the silence of Santa Cruz. At this point, all he had in his favor was speed. Got to get to the other sideAfter a foresightful series of turns and straightaways, Becker skidded into a three-way intersection marked Esquina de los R look. He knew he was in trouble-he had been in that location already. As he stood straddling the idling bike, trying to influence which way to turn, the engine sputtered to a stop. The gas gauge read vacio. As if on cue, a shadow appeared down an alley on his left.The hu soldieryity mind is the fastest computer in exis hug drugce. In the next share of a second, Beckers m ind registered the bring of the mans glasses, searched his memory for a match, found maven, registered danger, and call for a decision. He got one. He dropped the useless bike and took off at a full sprint.Unfortunately for Becker, Hulohot was presently on solid hap preferably than in a lurching taxi. He calmly raised his weapon and fired.The poke caught Becker in the side just as he stumbled round the corner away of range. He took five or six strides in the lead the sensation began to register. At first it felt similar a brawniness pull, just above the hip. then it turned to a warm tingling. When Becker truism the alliance, he knew. at that place was no pain, no pain anywhere, just a head want race through the winding maze of Santa Cruz.Hulohot dashed after his quarry. He had been tempted to hit Becker in the head, only if he was a maestro he played the odds. Becker was a pitiable target, and aiming at his midsection provided the greatest margin of error bot h(prenominal) tumidly and horizontally. The odds had paid off. Becker had shifted at the last instant, and rather than missing his head, Hulohot had caught a piece of his side. Although he knew the bullet had barely grazed Becker and would do no lasting damage, the shot had served its purpose. see had been make. The prey had been touched by shoemakers last. It was a whole new game.Becker raced preceding blindly. Turning. Winding. Staying out of the straightaways. The foot locomote behind him seemed relentless. Beckers mind was blank. Blank to everything-where he was, who was chasing him-all that was left was instinct, egotism preservation, no pain, only fear, and raw energy.A shot exploded against the azulejo roofing tile behind him. Shards of glass sprayed across the back of his neck. He stumbled left, into another alley. He heard himself call for help, but except for the upright of footsteps and strained breathing, the morning air remained dead relieve.Beckers side was bur ning flat. He feared he was leaving a crimson trail on the whitewashed walks. He searched all all all over for an open door, an open gate, any escape from the suffocating canyons. Nothing. The walkway narrowed.Socorro Beckers division was barely audible. HelpThe walls grew closer on each side. The walkway curved. Becker searched for an intersection, a tributary, any way out. The passageway narrowed. Locked doors. Narrowing. Locked furnish. The footsteps were destruction. He was in a straightaway, and absolutely the alley began to slope upward(a). Steeper. Becker felt his legs straining. He was slowing.And then he was there. want a freeway that had run out of funding, the alley just halt. at that place was a high wall, a wooden bench, and nothing else. No escape. Becker looked up three stories to the top of the building and then spun and started back down the long alley, but he had only taken a few steps out front he stopped short.At the foot of the inclined straightaway , a figure appeared. The man move toward Becker with a measured determination. In his hand, a triggerman glinted in the early morning sun.Becker felt a fast lucidity as he backed up toward the wall. The pain in his side suddenly registered. He touched the spot and looked down. There was blood smeared across his fingers and across Ensei Tankados golden ring. He felt dizzy. He stared at the engraved band, puzzled. Hed forgotten he was wearing it. Hed forgotten why he had come to Seville. He looked up at the figure approaching. He looked down at the ring. Was this why Megan had died? Was this why he would die?The shadow advance(a) up the inclined passageway. Becker saw walls on all sides-a dead end behind him. A few gated entryways between them, but it was too tardy to call for help.Becker pressed his back against the dead end. Suddenly he could recover every piece of grit beneath the soles of his shoes, every bump in the stucco wall behind him. His mind was reeling backward, his childhood, his parents Susan.Oh, God Susan.For the first season since he was a kid, Becker prayed. He did not pray for deliverance from death he did not believe in miracles. Instead he prayed that the charwoman he left behind would find strength, that she would know without a un trustedness that she had been loved. He closed his eyeball. The memories came like a torrent. They were not memories of department meetings, university business, and the things that made up 90 percent of his spirit they were memories of her. Simple memories teaching her to use chopsticks, sailing on Cape Cod. I love you, he thought. get move that forever.It was as if every defense, every facade, every insecure exaggeration of his life had been stripped away. He was standing naked-flesh and bones before God. I am a man, he thought. And in a number of irony he thought, A man without wax. He stood, eyes closed, as the man in wire-rim glasses drew nearer. Somewhere nearby, a bell began to toll. Becker w aited in disconsolateness, for the sound that would end his life.Chapter 89The morning sun was just breaking over the Seville rooftops and shining down into the canyons below. The bells atop the Giralda cried out for sunrise mass. This was the moment inhabitants had all been waiting for. Everywhere in the ancient barrio, gates unfastened and families poured into the alleyways. give care lifeblood through the veins of old Santa Cruz, they coursed toward the heart of their pueblo, toward the core of their history, toward their God, their shrine, their cathedral.Somewhere in Beckers mind, a bell was tolling. Am I dead? Almost reluctantly, he opened his eyes and squinted into the first rays of sunlight. He knew exactly where he was. He leveled his paying attention and searched the alley for his assailant. But the man in wire-rims was not there. Instead, there were others. Spanish families, in their finest clothes, stepping from their gated portals into the alleyways, talking, laughin g.At the bottom of the alley, hidden from Beckers view, Hulohot cursed in frustration. At first there had been only a angiotensin-converting enzyme couple separating him from his quarry. Hulohot had been certain they would go on. But the sound of the bells kept reverberating down the alley, drawing others from their homes. A second couple, with children. They greeted each another. Talking, laughing, kissing three times on the cheek. other group appeared, and Hulohot could no longer see his prey. nowadays, in a boiling rage, he raced into the quickly growing crowd. He had to get to David BeckerThe killer fought his way toward the end of the alley. He found himself momentarily befogged in a sea of bodies-coats and ties, black dresses, lace mantles over hunched women. They all seemed inattentive to Hulohots presence they strolled casually, all in black, shuffling, contemptible as one, blocking his way. Hulohot withdraw his way through the crowd and dashed up the alley into the dead end, his weapon raised. Then he let out a low-keyed, atrocious scream. David Becker was gone.Becker stumbled and sidestepped his way through the crowd. Follow the crowd, he thought. They know the way out. He cut right at the intersection and the alley widened. Everywhere gates were opening and people were pouring out. The pealing of the bells grew louder.Beckers side was still burning, but he sensed the bleeding had stopped. He raced on. Somewhere behind him, closing fast, was a man with a gun.Becker ducked in and out of the groups of churchgoers and try to life his head down. It was not much farther. He could sense it. The crowd had cabalistic-chestedened. The alley had widened. They were no longer in a little tributary, this was the main river. As he rounded a bend, Becker suddenly saw it, rising before them-the cathedral and Giralda tower.The bells were deafening, the reverberations trapped in the high-walled plaza. The crowds converged, everyone in black, get-up-and -go across the fledge toward the gaping doors of the Seville Cathedral. Becker tried to break away toward Mateus Gago, but he was trapped. He was shoulder to shoulder, heel to toe with the shoving throngs. The Spaniards had eer had a different thought of closeness than the difference of the world. Becker was wedged between 2 heavyset women, both with their eyes closed, letting the crowd carry them. They mumbled prayers to themselves and clutched rosary beads in their fingers.As the crowd closed on the enormous stone structure, Becker tried to cut left again, but the current was stronger now. The anticipation, the pushing and shoving, the blind, mumbled prayers. He turned into the crowd, trying to fight backward against the eager throngs. It was impossible, like swimming upriver in a mile-deep river. He turned. The cathedral doors loomed before him-like the opening to rough dark carnival ride he wished he hadnt taken. David Becker suddenly cognise he was difference to church .Chapter 90The Crypto sirens were blaring. Strathmore had no idea how long Susan had been gone. He sat alone in the shadows, the drone of TRANSLTR calling to him. Youre a subsister youre a survivor.Yes, he thought. Im a survivor-but survival is nothing without honor. Id rather die than live in the shadow of disgrace.And disgrace was what was waiting for him. He had kept information from the director. He had sent a virus into the nations most secure computer. There was no doubt he would be hung out to dry. His intentions had been patriotic, but nothing had gone as hed planned. There had been death and treachery. There would be trials, accusations, public outrage. He had served his country with honor and integrity for so umpteen years, he couldnt allow it to end this way.Im a survivor, he thought.Youre a liar, his own thoughts replied.It was true. He was a liar. There were people he hadnt been open with. Susan Fletcher was one of them. There were so many things he hadnt told her-th ings he was now desperately ashamed of. For years shed been his illusion, his living fantasy. He dreamed of her at night he cried out for her in his sleep. He couldnt help it. She was as brilliant and as beautiful as any woman he could imagine. His wife had tried to be patient, but when she finally met Susan, she immediately lost hope. Bev Strathmore never blamed her husband for his feelings. She tried to endure the pain as long as possible, but recently it had become too much. Shed told him their conjugation was ending another womans shadow was no place to spend the rest of her life.Gradually the sirens lifted Strathmore from his daze. His analytical powers searched for any way out. His mind reluctantly confirmed what his heart had suspected. There was only one true escape, only one solution.Strathmore gazed down at the keyboard and began typing. He didnt bother to turn the oversee so he could see it. His fingers pecked out the words slowly and decisively. love life friends, I am taking my life at onceThis way, no one would ever wonder. There would be no questions. There would be no accusations. He would spell out for the world what had happened. Many had died but there was still one life to take.Chapter 91In a cathedral, it is always night. The warmth of the day turns to damp poiseness. The traffic is silenced behind thick granite walls. No number of candelabras can illuminate the vast darkness overhead. Shadows fall out everywhere. Theres only the stained glass, high above, filtering the ugliness of the outside world into rays of muted reds and blues.The Seville Cathedral, like all great cathedrals of Europe, is laid out in the shape of a cross. The sanctuary and altar are located just above the midpoint and open downward onto the main sanctuary. Wooden pews fill the vertical axis, a staggering 113 yards from the altar to the base of the cross. To the left and right of the altar, the transept of the cross houses confessionals, sacred tombs, and addition al seating.Becker found himself wedged in the middle of a long pew nigh halfway back. Overhead, in the dizzying empty space, a silver censer the size of a refrigerator swung enormous arcs on a frayed rope, leaving a trail of frankincense. The bells of the Giralda kept ringing, move low rumbling shock waves through the stone. Becker lowered his gaze to the august wall behind the altar. He had a lot to be glad for. He was breathing. He was alive. It was a miracle.As the priest prepared to give the opening prayer, Becker checked his side. There was a red stain on his shirt, but the bleeding had stopped. The wound was small, more of a laceration than a puncture. Becker inclose his shirt back in and craned his neck. Behind him, the doors were cranking shut. He knew if hed been followed, he was now trapped. The Seville Cathedral had a single functional entrance, a design popularized in the days when churches were used as fortresses, a safe scramn against Moorish invasion. With a sin gle entrance, there was only one door to barricade. Now the single entrance had another function-it ensured all tourists entering the cathedral had purchased a ticket.The twenty-two-foot-high, gilded doors slammed with a decisive crash. Becker was sealed in the house of God. He closed his eyes and slid low in his pew. He was the only one in the building not dressed in black. Somewhere voices began to chant.Toward the back of the church, a figure go slowly up the side aisle, belongings to the shadows. He had slipped in just before the doors closed. He smiled to himself. The hunt was getting interesting. Becker is here I can feel it. He moved methodically, one row at a time. Overhead the frankincense decanter swung its long, vacant arcs. A fine place to die, Hulohot thought. I hope I do as well.Becker knelt on the raw cathedral floor and ducked his head out of sight. The man place next to him glared down-it was most irregular behavior in the house of God.Enfermo, Becker apologiz ed. Sick.Becker knew he had to stay low. He had glimpsed a familiar silhouette moving up the side aisle. Its him Hes hereDespite being in the middle of an enormous assemblage, Becker feared he was an easy target-his khaki sports jacket was like a roadside flare in the crowd of black. He considered removing it, but the white oxford shirt underneath was no better. Instead he huddle lower.The man beside him frowned. Turista. He grunted. Then he whispered, half sarcastically, Llamo un medico? Shall I call a doctor?Becker looked up at the old mans mole-ridden face. No, gracias. Estoy bien.The man gave him an angry look. Pues sientate Then sit down There were scattered shushes nigh them, and the old man bit his tongue and faced front.Becker closed his eyes and huddled lower, wondering how long the service would last. Becker, raised Protestant, had always had the legal opinion Catholics were long-winded. He prayed it was true-as soon as the service ended, he would be force to stand and let the others out. In khaki he was dead.Becker knew he had no choice at the moment. He simply knelt there on the cold stone floor of the great cathedral. Eventually, the old man lost interest. The congregation was standing now, singing a hymn. Becker stayed down. His legs were starting to cramp. There was no path to stretch them. Patience, he thought. Patience. He closed his eyes and took a deep breath.It felt like only minutes ulterior that Becker felt somebody kicking him. He looked up. The mole-faced man was standing to his right, waiting impatiently to leave the pew.Becker panicked. He wants to leave already? Ill have to stand up Becker motioned for the man to step over him. The man could barely control his anger. He grabbed the white tie and tails of his black blazer, pulled them down in a huff, and leaned back to reveal the sinless row of people waiting to leave. Becker looked left and saw that the woman who had been seated there was gone. The length of pew to his left w as empty all the way to the center aisle.The service cant be over Its impossible We just got hereBut when Becker saw the altar boy at the end of the row and the two single-file lines moving up the center aisle toward the altar, he knew what was happening.Communion. He groaned. The damn Spaniards do it firstChapter 92Susan climbed down the hunt down into the sublevels. thick(p) steam was now boiling up nigh TRANSLTRs hull. The catwalks were wet with condensation. She closely fell, her flats providing very little traction. She wondered how much longer TRANSLTR would survive. The sirens continued their intermittent warning. The unavoidableness lights spun in two-second intervals. Three stories below, the aux generators shook in a taxed whine. Susan knew somewhere at the bottom in the foggy dimness there was a round or so breaker. She sensed time was running out.Upstairs, Strathmore held the Beretta in his hand. He reread his raze and laid it on the floor of the room where he wa s standing. What he was almost to do was a cowardly act, there was no doubt. Im a survivor, he thought. He thought of the virus in the NSA databank, he thought of David Becker in Spain, he thought of his plans for a back door. He had told so many lies. He was guilty of so much. He knew this was the only way to avert accountability the only way to avoid the shame. Carefully he aimed the gun. Then he closed his eyes and pulled the trigger.Susan had only descended six flights when she heard the tedious shot. It was far off, barely audible over the generators. She had never heard a gunshot except on television, but she had no doubt what it was.She stopped short, the sound resounding in her ears. In a wave of horror, she feared the worst. She conceive of the commanders dreams-the back door in Digital Fortress, the incredible coup it would have been. She pictured the virus in the databank, his failing marriage, that eerie nod he had given her. Her footing faltered. She spun on the la nding, grappling for the banister. Commander NoSusan was momentarily frozen, her mind blank. The echo of the gunshot seemed to drown out the chaos around her. Her mind told her to keep on going, but her legs refused. Commander An instant later she found herself stumbling back up the stairs, entirely forgetting the danger around her.She ran blindly, steal on the slick metal. Above her the humidity fell like rain. When she reached the ladder and began climbing, she felt herself lifted from below by a tremendous peck of steam that practically jettisoned her through the trapdoor. She rolled onto the Crypto floor and felt the cool air wash over her. Her white blouse clung to her body, soaked through.It was dark. Susan paused, trying to get her bearings. The sound of the gunshot was on endless loop in her head. torrid steam billowed up through the trapdoor like gases from a volcano about to explode.Susan cursed herself for leaving the Beretta with Strathmore. She had left it with him, hadnt she? Or was it in invitee 3? As her eyes adjusted to the dark, she glanced toward the gaping hole in the Node 3 wall. The glow from the monitors was faint, but in the distance she could see sound lying motionless on the floor where shed left him. There was no sign of Strathmore. Terrified of what shed find, she turned toward the commanders office.But as she began to move, something registered as strange. She backpedaled a few steps and peered into Node 3 again. In the soft light she could see Hales arm. It was not at his side. He was no longer trussed like a mummy. His arm was up over his head. He was sprawled backward on the floor. Had he gotten free? There was no movement. Hale was deathly still.Susan gazed up at Strathmores workstation perched high on the wall. Commander?Silence.Tentatively she moved toward Node 3. There was an object in Hales hand. It glimmered in the light of the monitors. Susan moved closer closer. Suddenly she could see what Hale was holding. It was the Beretta.Susan gasped. Following the arch of Hales arm, her eyes moved to his face. What she saw was grotesque. Half of Greg Hales head was soaked in blood. The dark stain had dish out out across the carpet.Oh my God Susan staggered backward. It wasnt the commanders shot shed heard, it was HalesAs if in a trance, Susan moved toward the body. Apparently, Hale had managed to free himself. The printer cables were piled on the floor beside him. I must have left the gun on the couch, she thought. The blood flowing through the hole in his skull looked black in the bluish light.On the floor beside Hale was a piece of paper. Susan went over unsteadily, and picked it up. It was a letter.Dearest friends, I am taking my life today in penance for the following sinsIn utter disbelief, Susan stared at the self-destruction note in her hand. She read slowly. It was surreal-so unlike Hale-a laundry list of crimes. He was admitting to everything-figuring out that NDAKOTA was a hoax, hiring a merc enary to kill Ensei Tankado and take the ring, pushing Phil Chartrukian, planning to sell Digital Fortress.Susan reached the final line. She was not prepared for what she read. The letters final words delivered a numbing blow.Above all, Im truly sorry about David Becker. Forgive me, I was blinded by ambition.As Susan stood trembling over Hales body, the sound of running footsteps approached behind her. In slow motion, she turned.Strathmore appeared in the befuddled window, pale and out of breath. He stared down at Hales body in apparent shock.Oh my God he said. What happened?Chapter 93Communion.Hulohot spotted Becker immediately. The khaki blazer was impossible to miss, particularly with the small bloodstain on one side. The jacket was moving up the center aisle in a sea of black. He must not know Im here. Hulohot smiled. Hes a dead man.He strike out the tiny metal sink ins on his fingertips, eager to tell his American contact the good news. Soon, he thought, very soon.Like a pre dator moving downwind, Hulohot moved to the back of the church. Then he began his approach-straight up the center aisle. Hulohot was in no mood to track Becker through the crowds leaving the church. His quarry was trapped, a fortunate turn of events. Hulohot just needed a way to come about him quietly. His silencer, the best money could buy, emitted no more than a tiny expectorate cough. That would be fine.As Hulohot closed on the khaki blazer, he was unsuspecting of the quiet murmurs coming from those he was passing. The congregation could understand this mans excitement to perplex the blessing of God, but nevertheless, there were strict rules of protocol-two lines, single file.Hulohot kept moving. He was closing quickly. He thumbed the revolver in his jacket pocket. The moment had arrived. David Becker had been exceptionally fortunate so far there was no need to tempt fortune any further.The khaki blazer was only ten people ahead, facing front, head down. Hulohot rehearsed the kill in his mind. The image was clear-cutting in behind Becker, keeping the gun low and out of sight, firing two shots into Beckers back, Becker slumping, Hulohot catching him and helping him into a pew like a interested friend. Then Hulohot would move quickly to the back of the church as if going for help. In the confusion, he would disappear before anyone knew what had happened.Five people. Four. Three.Hulohot fingered the gun in his pocket, keeping it low. He would fire from hip level upward into Beckers spine. That way the bullet would hit either the spine or a lung before finding the heart. Even if the bullet missed the heart, Becker would die. A pierce lung was fatal, maybe not in more medically advanced separate of the world, but in Spain, it was fatal.Two people one. And then Hulohot was there. Like a dancer performing a well-rehearsed move, he turned to his right. He laid his hand on the shoulder of the khaki blazer, aimed the gun, and fired. Two muffled spats. right off the body was rigid. Then it was falling. Hulohot caught his victim under the armpits. In a single motion, he swung the body into a pew before any bloodstains spread across his back. Nearby, people turned. Hulohot paid no heed-he would be gone in an instant.He groped the mans lifeless fingers for the ring. Nothing. He felt again. The fingers were bare. Hulohot spun the man around angrily. The horror was instantaneous. The face was not David Beckers.Rafael de la Maza, a banker from the suburbs of Seville, had died almost instantly. He was still clutching the 50,000 pesetas the strange American had paid him for a cheap black blazer.