Change management plan for Kudler Fine Foods.

Speech on light Essay Example

Speech on light Essay Example Speech on light Paper Speech on light Paper Essay Topic: The Bean Eaters Im also here to show you how this sighting (hold up Energy Saving bulb) can save lives and save you some pocket change. Change that you can use to get some Pages lunch instead of a patty, or go to Club Privilege instead of Street WBI Thursdays. I believe most of you have already come to hear of the term Climate Change. If I ask around the room I am sure to hear responses such as melting ice caps or the world getting hotter. Both very correct. The couple who lives to the front of me have now air-conditioned their entire house. If we come to the University of the West Indies, your place to shine- and the lassoer lacks the cold air we will all question that tagging as one cannot shine unless they are comfortable to. Human beings are allowed and expected to feel uncomfortable when we have to live in abnormal conditions. It is in this same way that other Biodiversity- that is plants and animals cannot survive under extreme changes in their environment. They will do Just like us, migrate or die. What will happen to us then? The Climate Change phenomenon all begins with a rise of Greenhouse Gases in the atmosphere. Carbon Dioxide is one of the major Greenhouse Gases that is emitted when anything is burnt. Now Greenhouse Gases is a term that many of us have known or have heard before but let me tell you exactly how they got this name. A greenhouse is a building with glass walls and a roof that is used for the germination and exhibition of plants. No, Carbon Dioxide never grew leaves nor produced the glass that makes such a building. Instead when this and the other gases rise they have a similar effect on the globe, wrapping us all into a nice warm blanket that helps to preserve the heat in the environment; like a Greenhouse does for plants. The problem is that too many of these gases are now being emitted, his heats up the globe and causes many a problem for all life on earth especially Small Island Developing States (KIDS) such as Jamaica and most of the Caribbean. Because we are low-lying, the exact occurrence that took place in Port Royal years ago can happen to this entire country, we CAN sink. Think then of this (show lightly) as your very sexy lifeguard. Herbert Thomas, Director of Resource Management at the Water Resources Authority said that the Jamaican society is seeing increased environmental changes that can be linked to Climate Change. He named a case in mint to be the recently concluded drought season in Jamaica that affected many farmers in the area and the nightly water restrictions by the National Water Commission. What about increased rainfall? Susceptibility to Natural Disasters? Things that are currently happening right before our eyes! According to a contributed article to the Gleaner in April 2006, the main industries that contribute to air pollution in Jamaica are bauxite, alumina, electricity and steam production, cement Ana Lime maturating, chemical processing Ana petroleum rearing . Effluent Trot hose industries effect in rising Carbon Dioxide and other Greenhouse Gas emissions in the environment. This is bad, very bad- but yet again, my Light Bulb can also save this. Let me see the hands of those who have their own car? Those who have more than two vehicles in a household less than five? If I have to get to a am class on a morning I have to leave my home right there in Mona, a half hour in advance because of the morning traffic. The same Gleaner article also states that the rapid rise of automobiles especially in the Kingston Metropolitan Area, effects negatively on air laity that, by extension contributes to the Advanced Greenhouse Effect- which makes the globe essentially hotter! Guess what? My Lightly is specially trained to help with this also! Now it wont be very fair of me to preach about all these bad Climate-change causing practices being done in the Jamaican society and not highlight the positive stuff. Firstly it is very commendable for me to note that many educational institutions especially those with dwelling provisions such as the II, some business places and homes have solar powered heaters. Back home in Trinidad o get lots of trouble with the electricity authority to obtain that. Next it is evident that lots of schools have and are starting recycling programs. Lastly and most importantly Environmental Health has now been accepted into the schools curriculum and it identified by many as a matter in need of urgent attention. Now that we understand the logistics of the Climate Change phenomenon and we all probably think that it is all way over our heads to do anything about it; Im going to bring back my gorgeous lightly that I had previously introduced to you. Picture this s an affordable and easy way to reduce Climate Change; the boot that allows us to kick the habit of Carbon Dioxide in our air. Now, as Caribbean people, I know that if I ask you to buy and use something, you will bombard me with reasons why you should not do so. Because of this, I will let you know upfront some of the reasons people give for not buying or using the Energy Saving lightly and address them as far as I can. Ill begin with the issue of cost. This bulb (hold up SEES lightly) costs a minimum of $50 JDK more than its traditional contender (hold up traditional bulb). But I must call to mind here the ever popular saying cheap thing nah good! Even though the initial cost is higher, The Lighting Association of America assures you that you will save lots of pocket change in the long run. 75% of the energy that is burned with the traditional bulb will be saved with the Energy Saving one. This does so whilst producing the same amount of light and cutting a whopping EH per year on your electricity bill! Not only that, but you wont have to be replacing bulbs as often as in the past as these bulbs lasts on an average 6-15 years depending on choice of dotage and brand. Lunch at Pages- can you hear me? Im coming! I can now afford it. A friend of mine kindly provided me with another Im not buying this bulb excuse. She said that this bulb cannot fit on her dimmers nor does it come in different colors to brighten up her home. There is some truth to that. According to inarticulatenesss. Com when the bulb was first brought out, it did not look like a traditional bulb- I believe it took a long cylindrical shape- and ewe, which fancy homemaker will want that in their home? Guess what though? This same website tastes that the more recent bulbs come in almost every shape, fixture and color as the traditional ones. Now even the fancy homemakers can save and treat themselves too inlet out at ten cloud! Concern under 3 Ana 4 was Drought up Dye Auntie Doors, my Jamaican neighbor who lives across from me. Where do I get that? She asked. Fantastic question indeed! These bulbs are available in mini marts, supermarkets and hardware stores all over Kingston and on the I-Kiwis campus. The next issue by Aunt Doris met with her saying: I know those lights! They are not good for the eyes. This misconception is addressed quite nicely by the Lighting Association of America. Energy Saving Secrets did admit that in the past when attached to dimmers the bulbs did flicker, but all that has changed now. The Lighting Association actually recommends their use as they produce less heat and takes a total of 60 seconds to warm up to 60% of their brightness. According to them these bulbs are the best choices for confined areas such as childrens rooms, study areas and so forth. Now as I have addressed the main concerns that surround this magnificent bulb, I will asses a small question that came to my mind in considering its use. After reading about the dangers of mercury poisoning and acknowledging the fact that broken lightships are a main source for this, I was quite concerned about the level of mercury used in this bulb after remembering being told in school that these primitive cylindrical lightships in particular were poisonous. I told myself, one light bulb cannot be this great- whats the downside? It turns out that one lightly CAN be this great! The energy efficient lightly contains an average of 4 milliards of recurs, which is LESS than the traditional one. It is evident however that in disposal or accident, bulbs may get broken. The Jamaican society does not yet consist of any well known organizations that recycle lightships. It is recommended then, for disposal purposes, that the used lightly is wrapped in two plastic bags securing either side and placed in the garbage for collection. There are also specific clean-up steps to follow if a lightly breaks in your home/ office etc. This is available on the Energy Star website. I know that you are constantly told to do all kinds of hard and UT-of-the-way stuff to save the environment. People say to construct a windmill in your backyard or to turn off the Air Conditioning at home and at work. They advise you to recycle all your paper, plastic, glass, aluminum, tin, tires, metal, grass And the list goes on. I am here to tell you that these things are great and should infant all be done if you can. I am not an environmentalist, but a person Just like you who has an avid interest in the matter. My knowledge qualifies me to advise you to use the Energy Efficient lightly. At II I do Social Marketing, a field that preaches Self Efficacy. In other words how can one perform an action if they dont know how to do it or possess the nearness by which to do it? In this regard, I guarantee that you will all leave here with at one Energy Saving lightly each. This is an incentive for those who already started to continue its use and for the first- timers to try it out and by all nearness- get addicted We all did. After all, it is a simple and effortless way to save the world and send you skip-to-my-lounging to the cinema, big shot restaurants and all the stores in the world. By all nearness- spree yourselves, you can now afford it.

Transistor level implementation of karaoke machine with 6 band graphic Essay - 1

Transistor level implementation of karaoke machine with 6 band graphic equalizer - Essay Example The project, entitled "Transistor Level Implementation of Karaoke Machine with six-band Graphic Equalizer," aims to develop a transistor-based, Karaoke-type amplifier that is able to run from the mains power supply and consists of the following elements: 1. a 12-V regulated power supply, 2. two inputs: a microphone and a line input, 3. a Common-emitter mixer/preamplifier stage, 4. a six-band graphic equalizer stage, 5. a Common-emitter voltage amplifier stage, 6. a Common-collector power amplifier stage, and, 7. a loudspeaker output; as indicated in the schematic diagram below. Figure 1. Project Schematic Diagram Circuit Design and Operation Power Supply Power supplies, as defined by Howard (1998), are electronic circuits, basically composed of four sections: transformer, rectifier, filter, and regulator, designed such that an input ac signal is converted to dc, at any desired level. Shown below is a block diagram of a basic power supply. Figure 2. Basic Power Supply Block Diagram Th e input line voltage is either stepped up or stepped down by the transformer, depending on the application; in this case, a step-down transformer, T1 rated at 9.5Vac (10.5Vac on actual testing), was used, giving a peak voltage of 14.84V (Vp = 10.5 x ?2), and allowing the device to run from the mains power supply. In addition to that, the power supply is being isolated by this section from the power line. The rectifier section, specifically a full-wave bridge rectifier D1, then converts the resulting signal, still ac, to a pulsating dc, which is made purer by a simple capacitor (C18) filter section, giving a dc hold capacitor peak voltage of 13.44V (Vp – 2(0.7) = 14.84 – 1.4). This leaves enough voltage overhead for the final section, the 12V-regulator IC1 (LM7812) that maintains output at a constant level of 12V and about 1.3A continuous, regardless of changes in load current and/or input line voltages. This configuration has minimum power loss, and negates the need fo r a heat sink on IC1. The capacitor C19 removes any spikes from the regulator for a smoother output. Howard (1998) Mixer/Preamplifier When a combination of two or more audio signals is expected in a single output, simply connecting the inputs will result to the degradation of system efficiency and poor overall performance due to impedance mismatches of different signal sources and the amplifier input. Furthermore, the differing signal amplitudes of the sources, too, presents another problem since direct connection may result to higher-amplitude inputs obliterating the weaker inputs, and even worse, damage the sources. By isolating inputs and providing independently variable gains at each of these inputs, an audio mixer eliminates both dilemmas aforementioned, allowing input signals to be blend in the desired ratio. (Gibilisco, 2002) Shown below is a sample circuit of a simple transistor-based two-channel mixer/preamplifier. Figure 3. Transistor-based Two-channel Mixer/Preamplifier I n this project, two signals, one from a microphone (J1) and another from a line input (J2) are to be mixed. Potentiometers (R1 and R4) were utilized as volume controls for each channel, adjusting the amount of signal passing from the inputs, from a maximum of the entire signal (Rmicin = R1||R3||RQ1in = 10k||10k||2.3k = 1.58kohm, Rlinein = R4||RQ1in = 10k||2.3k

Roles played by Canadian Women in World War II Research Paper

Roles played by Canadian Women in World War II - Research Paper Example During World War II the first stand of the Canadian women was at the home front. Canada went to war in September of 1939. Canadian women mobilized immediately and within a matter of months they set up dozens of unofficial women’s corps all over the country. These groups were organized affairs with members numbering in the thousands. Patriotic Canadian women from across Canada joined these organizations, such as â€Å"Women’s Volunteer Reserve Corps†, â€Å"Canadian Auxiliary Territorial Service†, â€Å"Women’s Voluntary Services Division† and â€Å"National War Services†. Women worked on their own time and expense, enrolling in military related courses such as map reading and Morse-code signaling (Dundas & Durflinger n.d.). The female organizations also organized the drive for recyclable material. Women were responsible for collecting fats, paper, glass, metals, rubber, rags and bone. These materials proved to be invaluable while makin g war supplies. Women also helped by saving old tubes of toothpaste, unusable socks, and other things that may seem useless but were very precious for the war effort. During the Second World War it became common for women and children to frequently visit the junk yards in search for disposed metal and batteries. Those days, Canadian women prided themselves on being able to redo old clothes to make new ones, a second cup of coffee was a luxury and women were working with whatever they had (Sharp 1965). Canadian women were not only â€Å"making it† at home. Despite there being a restriction on women fighting at the frontline, Canadian women found and excelled in jobs that did not involve fighting but were equally important. These women contributed to the war effort by partaking in a wide variety of occupations. Men were being sent off to war and this created severe labor shortages in all areas. To fulfill the vacancies, women aged between 20 years to 24 years were initially acc epted into â€Å"Selective Service† in 1942. These women worked in the service providing and manufacturing sectors. Also, many of these women took on the traditionally masculine jobs in shipyards and munitions industries. Up to 30% of the workforce in Canada’s aircraft industry in the Second World War era comprised of women (CBC News 2006). Many of these industrious Canadian women tell the story of workplace discrimination especially when it came to the remuneration package. Women were paid less than men and sometimes even the subordinate males earned more than their female bosses. The management of these facilities usually denied any request for an increase in pay by saying â€Å"that this was a woman's burden!" (Bruce 1985). Perhaps it was the collective effort of Canadian women at home combined with a severe dearth of manpower that encouraged the government to recruit women volunteers for full-time military service. The first call for women to sign up was very succ essful as more than 45000 women volunteered for many sections of the military nursing. Other than nursing, these women served as mechanics, parachute riggers and heavy mobile equipment drivers. During the Second World War, seventy-one women died working in the Canadian military (CBC News 2006). Canadian women did not let any adversity overcome their drive to fight for the right. Women who wanted to fly in the air force were politely turned down as it was not

America in the revolutionary era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

America in the revolutionary era - Essay Example People were given more natural rights, allowing them to choose a system of laws and other rights. The principles of republicanism played a large role in the new rights given to citizens. It gave a greater emphasis on liberty, rule by the people (and for the people), as well as an emphasis on the civic virtue that was practiced by citizens. This is an example of the modern changes, showing that, aside from the government, which was now local as opposed to distant, citizens had a saw in their rights and laws. 3. Debt was another matter that was touched as a result of the American War of Independence. It became the job of the new and improved modern government to pay off the foreign debts, and to those that had had a place in the war. It was promised that the Constitution would also create a government that would take care of the debts to soldiers, merchants, and farmers. This was a step in the direction of modernity as it allowed the national credit to be established. If the political rhetoric of revolutionary America followed the scientific belief that all human beings were essentially alike, then the freeing of all the slaves in the system would have done good for the new republic, as they would be acting on something that America, as a whole, believed in. Whether racism or prejudice was a factor or not, if humans are to be viewed as similar, then they should each be treated as equally as all of the others. It would do no good to have a hypocritical republic. As citizens had more of a say in the laws and rights that were set down, with the thought of liberty in mind, then the same would go for those that were enslaved. However, that only applies if the republic honestly believed that all humans were the same, therefore being allowed to be treated the same. If the republic was the reason for the slave system, then they had every power to rid of it and free the slaves. It was

Reflection on Introduction to Business Studies

Reflection on Introduction to Business Studies A business, an enterprise, or a firm is an organization designed in an attempt to create value through recognition of business opportunity by the management of risk taking opportunity, and through communicative and management skills to mobilize human, financial and material resources necessary to bring a project to success (Garcà ­a, Domingo and Salvador 68). A business is brought into existence by an entrepreneur, where an entrepreneur is the person trying a new opportunity or starting the new project (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37). Entrepreneurship is therefore the process of establishing a business venture in which the owner aims at getting profit (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37). An entrepreneur accepts financial ricks, undertakes new financial venture by focusing on innovations and creativity, and transforms a dream or an idea into a profitable venture by operating within organizational environment (Garcà ­a, Domingo and Salvador 68). Business success does not depend entirely on capital money but also on personal attributes of the entrepreneur (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37). This implies that business success is goal oriented and can be attained through entrepreneurs self-confidence, self-reliance, creativity and innovation. The entrepreneur must be willing to take initiatives and be persistently committed to initiatives taken in order to succeed. Moreover, he/she must be driven by the desire to be independent, and less afraid of failure (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37). Entrepreneurs are quite passionate about achieving goals and more alert to the existence of new opportunities and drive to take risks; within this context, an entrepreneur can be viewed as one with a spirit of recognizing opportunities. An entrepreneur or an aspiring entrepreneur must be ready to take risks by investing resources in order to achieve meaningful results through creativity; he should be innovative enough to increase productivity and efficien cy of his business. An entrepreneur should have a vision and a mission for his business to guide his operations; including short term and long term business plans in order to prosper. Furthermore, he should develop his business growth with the basic knowledge of equilibrium of goods and services (Bygrave and Zacharakis 37). Studies have revealed that business success is a continuous growth process that is governed by a very detailed and well-established set of rules that evolve throughout business time line (Garcà ­a, Domingo and Salvador 18). The initial business growth stage is the start up stage. At this stage, the entrepreneur acquires general awareness and orientation towards small business and the self-employment (Garcà ­a, Domingo and Salvador 18). At start up stage, the entrepreneur identifies the need to acquire motivation and confidence as well as self-appraisal of managerial and personal responsibilities. In addition, start up stage requires the entrepreneur to increase his/her awareness, understanding and insight in the business that he intends to pursue (Garcà ­a, Domingo and Salvador 18). The next stage for the business development is the business creation (Greene 57). The business creation stage involves testing of a proposed business idea against the competences and the interests of a potential entrepreneur (Greene 57). A potential entrepreneur make a defined commitment to become self employed and begins to prepare a business plan of the proposed business venture; listing the resources required (Greene 57). The key factors that should be involved in this stage are building of a business personality, being self-motivated, and gaining commitment to the business, technical and personal availability for the business, business building and managerial skills and acquisition of business resources including a business plan (Greene 61). The importance of a business plan is to help the entrepreneur to focus on ideas and visibility study of the business (Greene 62). A business plan is a viable tool for managing the business; it empowers the entrepreneur with knowledge required to prepare his business for success (Greene 62). A business plan is therefore a strong communication tool that helps to define an enterprise, how the enterprise is managed and the personnel concerned in the enterprise management (Greene 62). A finished business plan provides the basis for financial background and enables the entrepreneur to look at a business in an objective manner while acting as a strong reality check for the business. In addition, the plan helps the entrepreneur to cope with changes that may occur in a business over time (Greene 62). Regular review of the plan helps to evaluate past decisions and planning, effective business plan ensures that the team is committed to defined business goal. The benefits of a business plan cann ot be ignored in the world of entrepreneurship because an entrepreneur can even use a well-structured business plan to acquire a loan from a bank for the business capital (Greene 62). Furthermore, the business plan serves as a disclosure document for ones knowledge of the business (Greene 62). This knowledge is profitable to me as an aspiring entrepreneur because I will use the guidelines to plan my business and use the business plan as a viable tool for acquiring capital for my business. The next stage is called business survival stage or the business maintenance stage, at this stage the entrepreneur has mastered the product and production, markets and basic management of the enterprise. Interventions at this stage include consolidating the production process and product quality, consolidating the existing market, consolidating the management control system, upgrading technical skills to maintain standard, refine production process and upgrade marketing strategies that can help keep the market at high standards (Greene 62). The final stage of the business development is the business growth stage; this stage involves the growth of enterprise (Greene 63). At this time, the entrepreneur gains advanced experience and the business can then expand as it experiences growth, making a small business become large. I have learned that a business should have a business description, which entails what the business does; including a description of the entrepreneur, what the business offers, what are the market needs in relation to the issues the business will address and whether the business idea is viable. A business description sections include an overview of the business, description of the business products or services, an entrepreneurs position and the pricing strategy. As an aspiring entrepreneur, this information is important to me because it empowers me to position my enterprise for increasing market competition and to offer innovative products that meet the demands of my clients; thus keeping me ahead in market competition. This course has given me an understanding of the importance of a market plan in business. I have the understanding that market plan describes the market or services to be marketed to make a profit and that successful marketing depends on the understanding of the nature of the products and services, the controllable variables such as promotions, price, products that the company puts together to satisfy a given market (Bygrave and Zacharakis 74). Based on market plan, I will have enough facts to convince investors, potential partners and other interested parties that my business has enough customers in a growing market and can gain more sales despite the existing competition. Marketing is one of the most important parts of the plan, taking into consideration current market size and trends, it requires extensive research because decisions that follow from manufacturing to marketing to the amount of money needed will be based on sales estimated in the marketing plan (Bygrave and Zacharakis 74). Additionally, the market section includes information on competition and estimate sales, market size and the market trends (Bygrave and Zacharakis 74). These details will enable me; as an entrepreneur to position my enterprise for competition and also come up with disruptive innovations that will make my products unique in order to increase my customer base. Financial plan of a business is important because it identifies the amount required and how the money will be used in investment. It also shows how the capital will be raised (Bygrave and Zacharakis 74). Management and the organization plan of the business are necessary as they show how the business will be organized and managed; such that the major strategies like key management personnel and their qualifications are observed. In conclusion, this class has empowered me with great knowledge and understanding that I intent to implement as an entrepreneur to guarantee the success of my business. Success in business does not come in a silver platter but it has to be planned and appropriate steps taken to implement the plan. A business plan depicting core elements of a business such as financial plan, market plan and management plan among others; if well implemented will lead to enterprise success.

Parking on Campus Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Parking on Campus is a Pain New students entering Western Michigan University are allowed to have a car on campus. With every new freshmen class entering each year, parking poses a problem. WMU is already limited in its parking on campus and since freshmen are allowed to have cars, the students are faced with the dilemma of having nowhere to park or parking quite far from their destination. There are parking problems all over the campus, creating backups in residence hall and other lots, resulting in students parking illegally to avoid walking far distances, which can be quite irritating in the bitter cold. Parking closer seems like the rational thing to do, but it is a risk, which can result in hundreds of dollars worth of traffic tickets, or having your car toed away. Having a car last semester, it was very inconvenient for me to park when it came to driving to class. I was disappointed by the amount of tickets I received, making my parents question whether I really needed a car. I might get a new car next semester but in all honesty I don’t really know if it’s worth it or not, especially if you're living on campus. Riding the bus only involves a shorter walk to class, and I can usually find rides to other places from someone else. Most students however, do want a car and shouldn’t have to think if they should really need one just because of the parking problem on campus. Parking legally by the residence halls is almost impossible. Students who live at particular dorms find themselves faced with the problem of having to park on the other side of campus. Students who live in the valleys comment that they are surprised with the numerous tickets that are written every day and how it isn’t always clearly spelled out where they can park. They complain on how some parking spaces involve lengthy walks in the freezing cold weather, and how easily the lots fill up. Whenever I'm riding with someone and they have to park by my hall or any other, they usually park in the 30 min parking and leave their car there for hours, or in the faculty lots to avoid walking from the lot up the hill. These actio... ...the school eventually gets enough funding they could build more student lots in more well-located spaces, which would greatly reduce the problem. Removing certain designated letter labeled parking lots would construct a first come first served system for everyone, reducing the amount of tickets issued. Parking has become a problem concerning many more students compared to staff. With enough funding, voting, and hard work, I think that eventually they will think of more ways to make parking more convenient for everyone.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Parking has been a problem on Western’s campus for a while. Only time will tell if it will get any better or not. The biggest contributing factor seems to be that freshmen are allowed to have cars, creating the dilemma of backed lots, parking somewhere else, or risking parking illegally in other spaces. Freshmen will continue to be allowed to have cars for now because WMU wants their students to have a certain level of freedom and make their own decisions. Realizing many lots will be backed can be a pain but it’s the price to pay for allowing every student to have a car on campus.

Chemistry Lab Report Water Hydration Introduction

Chemistry Lab Report Water Hydration Introduction: A hydrated crystal or hydrated occurs when water becomes tightly attracted to a metal salt base on it’s polarity. The water molecules maintain integrity as molecules, however they are considered to be part of the formula of the hydrate. When the hydrate metal salt crystal is heated, the attractions to the water are broken by the heat energy and the water escape from the crystal. After heating the salt crystal is called as anhydrous, which means without water. Many of the salt contain transition metals such as cobalt that is colorful (purple).Often the color of transition metal like cobalt’s color will change as a function of how many waters it is attracted to. Compounds containing water (H2O) of hydrated are written with water separate by a dot (. ). This (. ) means for hydrated metal salt there are how many number of moles of water bound to each mole of that metal salt. Research Question: The aim of this experiment is to calculate the number of moles of water bounded to each mole of cobalt chloride ( CoCl2. H2O). This cobalt chloride hydrated may be monohydrate with 1 mole of water attracted to cobalt chloride.It may be dihydrate, trihydrate, tetrahydrate or pentahydrate; your task is to determine which one you are given. Hypothesis: If cobalt chloride were heated until there is no further lose in weight, 6 moles of water would be lost from 1 mole of salt. Therefore it is predicted that there are 6 moles of water in this reaction. Materials (Apparatus): 1. 3 gram of cobalt chloride 2. Evaporating dish 3. Tongs to hold the evaporating dish 4. Ring stand 5. Iron ring 6. Clamp 7. Bunsen burner 8. Matches 9. 40. 20 g size of the crucible 10. Digital balance/ g 0. 01 11.Clay triangle 12. Gloss rod Procedure: 1. Place an empty crucible on digital balance by uncertainty of 0. 01g 2. Measure the size of the crucible without salt 3. Add 3 gram of cobalt chloride to the crucible 4. Measure the total size o f crucible containing cobalt chloride 5. Take the crucible containing salt, place it on the Bunsen burner by tongs. Place crucible on a clay triangle and iron ring to protect the crucible from falling. 6. Gently heat the crucible by Bunsen burner 7. Use a gloss rod to give a movement to cobalt chloride to crystalized. 8.Record time for salt crystallization 9. Stop heating when cobalt chloride crystalized 10. Wait for few second for crucible to cool down 11. Place and Measure the anhydrous crucible by digital balance 12. Using calculation find the number of moles in this reaction. CoCl2 . nH2O CoCl2 + nH2 Data Collection and Processing: Process| Observation during the experiment | Changes in color | As we started heating the crucible containing CoCl2. H2O , the color of the CoCl2 started to change from violet purple to dark purple and the blue in 6 minutes and it is because of water evaporation. Appearance of the salt during heating | After 3 to 5 minutes, as water was evaporating an d reaching its melting and boiling point, salt began to bubble. At the beginning of heating it was powdery solid then it changed to liquid and at last solid again. Volume of salt decreases because of lost of molecules. We waited for 10 minutes until it cooled down. | Calculations: Raw data collected Mass| Grams | Uncertainty /g  ±0. 01| Crucible| 42. 20 g| 0. 02 %| Pure H2O | 1. 36 g| 0. 73 %| Pure CoCl2| 1. 66 g | 0. 60 %| | | Total uncertainty | | | 0. 08 %|Find the masses: Crucible + CoCl2. H2O = 45. 23 g Anhydrous = 43. 86 g Mass of pure H2O = 45. 23 – 43. 28 = 1. 36 g Mass of pure CoCl2 = 3. 02 – 1. 36 = 1. 66 g Find the uncertainty: CoCl2 = 1. 66 = 0. 01 = 0. 60 % 100 x H2O = 1. 36 = 0. 01 = 0. 73 % 100 x Crucible = 42. 20 = 0. 01 = 0. 02 % 100 x Total uncertainty: 0. 02 % + 0. 60 % + 0. 73 % = 1. 3 % 100 = 1. 3 = 0. 08 % 6 x Find the percentage of water: % Water = weight of water in sample * 100 Original weight of sample % 45. 03 = 1. 36 *100 3. 02 Find the nu mber of moles: CoCl2 . H2O CoCl2 H2O 1. 661. 36 1. 66 * 18 n = 1. 36 * 130 29. 88 n = 176. 8 g 130 18 n n = 176. 8 / 29. 88 n = 6 moles CoCl2 . 6H2O CoCl2 +6H2O Conclusion: From this experiment, I investigated that my hypothesis is fairly accurate as I predicted. Therefore it is concluded that through empirical formula, the degree of hydration is hydrated CoCl2 was determined to a relative degree of accuracy. It is determined to be approximately 6 moles of water bonded with 1 mole of CoCl2 and giving: CoCl2 . 6H2O. Evaluation:Our experiment was fairly close as the ratio was 1:5. 9. However, the ratio achieved through this experiment was, while approximately accurate to the accepted literature value of 1: 6, not so precise tat this ratio could be assumed to anything greater or lesser than 1 significant figure. This anomaly can be explained by acknowledging some errors within the experimental process. While the determined degree of hydration was not perfect, and indeed to find the cur rent rather elaborate ratio a degree of rounding was still required, it was still reasonably accurate. Some errors can be: 1.Over heating of the hydrated cobalt chloride can result in burning the anhydrous compound of cobalt chloride, therefore contaminating it with oxygen and alerting the mass present in the crucible. This could lead to varying degrees of inaccuracy. 2. Base on the fact that cobalt chloride is hydrophilic means; it will absorb moisture from atmosphere. Therefore, the experiment should be conducted in a dry, well-aired lab to avoid as little absorption as possible. 3. In contrast to burning the anhydrous compound, the heating could have failed to completely remove all the water or revise it; it may over heated that also effect on the accuracy.Improvements: There are several ways to improve this experiment. The key improvement to this experiment would probably be to decrease the intensity with which flame is applied to the crucible. This reduces the possibility to re duce overheating, and increase the period of time spent dehydrating the sample to ensure a slower, more through and less intense dehydration. Another improvement can be using a lab, which has the suitable location for this experiment. At last, have a expert partner or teacher to tell u, when stop heating the crucible can improve the accuracy of constant mass to achieve.

Enhanced Formal Communication Essay Example

Enhanced Formal Communication Essay Example Enhanced Formal Communication Essay Enhanced Formal Communication Essay TO: Management FROM: C. R. Edit DATE: July 15, 2013 SUBJECT: SAS 115 Auditing Standards Please note there have been some updates to the Statement of Auditing Standards that provides information on communicating internal control matters. Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 112 still has useful information is superseded by SAS 115 effective for audits after December 15, 2009. According to American Institute of CPAs (2006-2013), the primary changes from SAS No.112 to SAS No.115 are definitional changes in the terms significant deficiency and material weakness (para. 1). One needs to take time to review the updates by going to the website and reviewing both publications. Auditors will use the new guidelines, and it is imperative to ensure accountants are in compliance and knowledgeable about what the standards entail. In addition to the new publication a PowerPoint presentation and an archived conference is available to help with getting the information needed to perform accurate audits in the near future. SAS 115 The new guideline is that any issues identified need to be in a report to management in written form. Any issues from the past identified in the audit are also put in writing to the management team. Audits are an important function of a company, and the department must realize that proper internal controls produce better audit results. Definition Changes The definition changes are important to conduct audits properly. The definitions are in reference to communicating internal controls. There are some terms no longer in the auditing standards. Reportable condition is no longer used. Significant deficiency and material weakness have definitions and examples of use in the PowerPoint and updated publication. Conclusion Please bring working knowledge current on the changes and prepare to communicate any relevant information to the clients. In addition clients may be contacting the firm to get clarification on the updated information concerning internal control matters. If one has questions or concerns with the new information please have those questions ready at the next team meeting. Memorandum TO: Our Clients of Sumfun Accounting, Inc. FROM: C. R. Edit DATE: July 15, 2013 SUBJECT: SAS 115 Auditing Standards We want to offer information designed to help understand the requirements under Statement of Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 115. When we provide auditing services as our client, we are follow standards established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). One of these standards, SAS 115, is effective for audits of financial statements for periods ending after December 15, 2009, and is applicable whenever an auditor expresses or disclaims an opinion on financial statements (AU Section 325, 2013). SAS 115 SAS No. 115, and its predecessor, SAS 112, follow the objective that an organizationâ„ ¢s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining internal controls (Robinson, Farmer, Cox Associates 2007). The Standard provides guidance on communicating matters relating to an entityâ„ ¢s internal control over financial reporting (internal control) identified in an audit of financial statements (SAS 115, FAQ, 2009). Internal Control Internal control provides a standard in which business can stay on course toward profitable goals and achievement of its mission (COSO, 2013). When the organization has effective internal control standards in place, the likelihood of successful operations is greater, it will have more reliable financial reporting, and the opportunity to reduce fraud within the organization. Our Commitment Communications required by SAS 115 (AICPA, 2013) guide us in to promoting consistency, accuracy, and good governance practices in business. During our examination of the financial statements, we evaluate areas for material weaknesses, which occur when there is a possibility that a material misstatement in the financial statements will not be prevented, or detected, and corrected, on a timely basis. A significant deficiency is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by management (Eisneramper, 2010). Conclusion The requirements of and wording in SAS 115 can be puzzling. We at Sumfun Accounting commit to providing you with supreme auditing services by staying up-to-date with national standards and reporting requirements. We will be personally contact you so we can discuss the requirements of SAS 115 and how the standards will apply to your upcoming financial audits. We will also answer any question you may have regarding this matter. ? Memorandum To: Supervisor, Small Accounting Firm From: Junior Auditor, Small Accounting Firm Date: July 15, 2013 Subject: Challenges and Causes of Poor Communication of SAS-112 Overview Presented below is the conclusion of analysis describing the possible challenges of effectively communicating the accounting changes within the different groups affected by the change in the implementation of Statement of Accounting Standards (SAS) No. 112, Communicating Internal Control of Related Matters Identified in an Audit regulation issued May 2006 by the American Institute of Certified Public Accounts (AICPA). Also included are the possible areas of concern if communicated poorly among these groups. Challenges of SAS-112 With the implementation of (SAS) No. 112 there is an establishment of updated standards, responsibilities, and guidelines for conducting an audit of an entityâ„ ¢s internal control over financial reporting. The audit of financial statements identifies issues that directly affect the procedures currently in place for the auditors on staff. This changes the method in which our auditors communicate to management and the governing body any control deficiencies discovered during an audit and consider the significant deficiencies or material weaknesses and report them in writing. The changes in SAS defines the terms significant deficiencies and material weaknesses, providing guidance on evaluating the severity of control deficiencies identified in an audit of financial reporting and requires the auditor to communicate, in writing, to management, and those charged with governance, significant deficiencies, and material weaknesses identified in an audit. SAS No.112 significantly affects the procedures in which our auditors conduct an audit on the financial statement of our clients. One challenge of importance is the auditorâ„ ¢s evaluation of issues and whether they are significant deficiencies or the updated definition of material weaknesses. Because there are significant changes in the auditing of financial statements, our staff will need to be knowledgeable and capable of informing management of any possible errors in judgments. Clerks that assist the auditor as well as the auditing staff will need to be aware of any events that would cause the auditor to miss any deficiencies in the statements before presenting the final audit report to the customers. The amount of time to conduct an audit of this type should be adjusted to allow additional review of items when generating a request for proposal on all auditing services performed by our firm. Each staff member must keep accurate time records for each project and the amount of extra time used in applying these changes to existing and future audits. Timekeepers should expect increases in the hours worked by the hourly rate employees. Current salaried employee will not realize any financial compensation for any time spent more than 40 hours, according to existing employment contracts with the firm. The changes in wages and salaries will need to monitored and be relayed to the accounting department for processing. The firm, in an appropriate fashion should communicate to our existing and potential clients that the rate increase for conducting an audit of financial statements is the result of this significant change in auditing. Partners should perform a review of the firmâ„ ¢s current rate for auditing services to determine if it warrants an increase and if so should communicate this increase to all that would be preparers of requests for proposal. Poor Communication Risk Management SAS No. specifically attempts to improve communications of internal control matters, especially during the audit of an organizationâ„ ¢s financial statements. As part of our firmâ„ ¢s audit review an extensive examination of the organizationâ„ ¢s deficiency in internal control of communication particularly those that prepare the financial statements to management. While auditors are performing an audit if there is discovery of significant control deficiencies that fall within the confines of significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, it is a requirement that the auditors report these deficiencies in writing to both management and those charged with governance. Deficiencies identified in prior audits that have no remediation are to be noted in the auditorâ„ ¢s report. The existence of significant deficiencies or material weaknesses may already be known by management and individuals charged with governance, and require a decision to accept the risks associated with those deficiencies for costs and other considerations. Although these decisions are the responsibility of management, the auditor still has a communication responsibility. SAS No. attempts to improve communications between the accounting department and management gives the preparer of the financial statements the ability to exercise more judgment when control deficiencies identified during an audit rise to a level of significant deficiencies or material weaknesses. With the improvement of communications the auditor will have a better chance in promoting consistency, accuracy, and good governance practices to the organizations. The most apparent risk of poor communication exists between the audit team and management and those charged with governance regarding the deficiencies in the internal control of the organization. Deficiencies in the internal control must be in clear communication methods to management by the auditors and create an awareness that the deficiencies exist but are not required to offer methods in which to improve the deficiencies. Our clients should conduct a communications audit in the internal control of operations to determine where break down in communications are and so that the organization may make improvements to the current practices with transparency as the main objective. References American Institute of CPAâ„ ¢s. (2006-2013). Retrieved from aicpa.org/InterestAreas/GovernmentalAuditQuality/Resources/Pages/Impact%20of%20SAS%20112%20on%20Governmental%20Financial%20Audits%20Conference%20Call.aspx AICPA Professional Standards. (2013) U.S. Auditing Standards vol. 1, AU Section 300-THE STANDARDS OF FIELD WORK, AU Section 325-Communicating Internal Control Related Matters Identified in an Audit. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc., New York, NY. AICPA Audit Risk Alerts. (2013). Communicating Internal Control Related Matters in an Audit-Understanding SAS No. 115 (ARA-ICM) Introduction to Communicating Internal Control Related Matters in an Audit-Understanding SAS No. 115. American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, Inc., New York, NY. Eisneramper Accountants Advisors. (2010). Communicating Internal Control Matters â€Å" SAS No. 115, downloaded on July 9, 2013, from www.eisneramper.com/SAS-115-Internal-Controls.aspx. Robinson, Farmer, Cox Associates Client Bulletin. (May 2007). Downloaded on July 9, 2013, from www.rfca.com/resources Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 115, Communication of Internal Control Related Matters Identified in an Audit, Frequently Asked Questions for AICPA PCPS Members (2009), page 1, downloaded on July 13, 2013, from www.mocpa.org/resources/ SAS_115_FAQ_040509_final.pdf. The Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commisison, Internal Control-Integrated Framework-Summary.pdf page 3 (2013), downloaded on July 13, 2013 from coso.org.

History of Pearl Diving in Qatar

History of Pearl Diving in Qatar Pearl diving was one of Qatar’s main industries until the early 1940s when oil replaced it.  After being the major industry of the area for thousands of years, pearl diving was a decaying profession by the 1930s, after the introduction of Japanese cultured pearls and the Great Depression made pearl diving unprofitable. Even though pearling is no longer a thriving industry, it remains a beloved part of Qatari culture. History and Decline of the Pearling Industry Pearls were treasured in the ancient world, especially by Arabs, Romans, and Egyptians. These areas were largely supplied by the pearling industry in the Persian Gulf, with pearl divers working hard to keep up with the high demand from trading partners in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. Pearl diving was risky and physically taxing. The lack of oxygen, the fast change in water pressure, and the sharks and other marine predators made pearl diving a very dangerous profession. Despite the danger, however, the high value of the pearls made pearl diving a profitable profession. When Japan created oyster farms in the mid-1920s to generate cultured pearls, the pearl market became glutted. In addition, the advent of the Great Depression in the 1930s devastated the pearl market as people no longer had extra money for luxury items such as pearls. With the market for pearls drying up, it was a miraculous event for the Qatari people when oil was discovered in 1939, changing their entire way of life. How Pearls Are Formed Pearls are formed when a foreign object enters the shell of an oyster, mussel, or other mollusk and becomes trapped. This object can be a parasite, grain of sand, or small piece of shell, but more commonly it is a food particle. To protect itself from the particle, the mollusk releases layers of aragonite (the mineral calcium carbonate) and conchiolin (a protein). Over a period of two to five years, these layers build up and form a pearl. In oysters and freshwater mussels, nacre (mother of pearl) gives pearls their natural luster. Pearls from other mollusks have a porcelain-like texture and don’t shine like pearls with nacre do. Qatar is a perfect place to find such beautiful, shiny pearls.  Because of its abundant freshwater springs, the water there is part salty and part fresh, an ideal environment for nacre formation. (Most of the fresh water comes from the Shatt al Arab River.) Cultured pearls follow the same essential formation process as natural pearls, but they are created under carefully controlled conditions on a pearl farm. Pearling Voyages Traditionally, Qatar’s pearl fishers made two annual boat voyages during the June-September fishing season. There was a long trip (two months) and a shorter trip (40 days). Most pearling boats (often called a â€Å"dhow†) contained 18-20 men. Without modern technology, pearl diving was extremely dangerous. The men didn’t use oxygen tanks; instead, they pinched their noses with pieces of wood and held their breaths for up to two minutes. They would also often wear a sheath made of leather on their hands and feet to protect them from the rocky surfaces found below. Then they would throw a rope with a rock tied at the end into the water and jump in. These divers would often swim over 100 feet below, quickly use their knife or a rock to pry oysters and other mollusks off of rocks or the sea floor and place the oysters in a rope bag that they had hung around their necks. When they could hold their breath no more, the diver would pull on the rope and be pulled back up to the boat. Their load of mollusks would then be dumped on the deck of the ship and they would dive again for more. Divers would continue this process throughout the day. At nighttime, the dives would stop and they would all open the oysters to look for the valuable pearls. They could go through thousands of oysters before finding even one pearl. Not all dives went smoothly, however. Diving that deep meant that rapid changes in pressure could cause serious medical problems, including bends and shallow water blackout. Also, the divers were not always alone down there. Sharks, snakes, barracudas, and other aquatic predators were rampant in the waters near Qatar, and would sometimes attack divers. The pearl diving industry got even more complicated when colonial tycoons got involved. They would sponsor pearling voyages but require half of the divers’ profits. If it was a good voyage, then all could become wealthy; if it was not, then the divers could become indebted to the sponsor. Between this exploitation and the health risks involved with pearling, divers lived strenuous lives with little reward. Pearl Diving Culture in Qatar Today While pearl fishing is no longer vital to Qatar’s economy, it is celebrated as a part of Qatari culture. Annual pearl diving competitions and cultural celebrations are held. The four-day Senyar pearl diving and fishing competition recently boasted more than 350 participants, navigating between Fasht and Katara Beach on traditional ships. The annual Qatar Marine Festival is a free event that hosts not only pearl diving demonstrations but also a seal show, dancing waters, food, an elaborate musical play, and miniature golf. It is a fun event for families to learn about their culture and have some fun too.

Separating by Leon Stokesbury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Separating by Leon Stokesbury - Essay Example Richard is a father of four children and is particularly acknowledging of the crisis in his mid-years (Updike 2145). This is what is driving the separation from his wife who is against exposing it to their vulnerable children. By this analysis, it shows the family as a vital element in the society. It shows how people relate to one another, their responsibility to family and their willingness to hold it together. This serves to show some elements of a cultural artifact. The characters, such as Richard’s wife Joan, infer that family relationships are important at the time and should always be considered while making decisions at any time. The actions of Joan show that women at that time and place were responsible for keeping their family together. They were sensitive to matters that would affect their family’s wellbeing. The actions of Richard serve to show that men at that time were responsible for taking care of their families too. Their motivations to provide for thei r family at that time and place surpassed the reasoning whether the man and woman were in good terms. For example, Richard moved around repairing hinges, getting mowers sharpened and repairing the tennis court. This shows that a man always had the interest of the family at all times regardless of the situation (Updike 2139). The plot of the story shows that the time was full of difficulties. It was hard to let go of family at that time. It is still hard today also, the fact that Richard has another woman shows that unfaithfulness was present in that time and place. Families struggled to hold together due to the strains in their lives of some parties, in this case, Richard’s crisis this characterizes the history of the time as one with marital problems. The setting of the story is around the family’s homestead. All activity takes places there, especially dinner with the family being the most

Assessment for learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assessment for learning - Essay Example During learning for assessment sessions, students are communicated of what is expected from them to deliver and how they can produce quality work in their lives to complete different developmental stages in their careers (Black & William, 1998). Assessments for learning also enables the teacher to communicate to the student, any misconceptions that the student might have pertaining to different aspects in an individual’s life and how these misconceptions would lead to gaps in information that might effect decision making skills. As the process of learning goes on, the teacher identifies any gaps present in the student’s knowledge pertaining to life events and the decision-making skills. As a result, techniques to cover those gaps are identified by the teachers and incorporated into the assessment plan for students. These techniques improve the overall results of the assessment and produce pupils with enhanced decision-making and knowledge processing students (Black et al., 2003). The question, which arises here, is that why are assessments for learning so critical for the rest of students’ lives. Apparently, teachers found themselves as being responsible for the pupil’s life and career and for that reason they held themselves responsible for the quality of conduct that a student might adopt in future life. In this manner, students are prepared to be professional in their relationships with the colleagues, kind in relationships with their family and spouses and down to earth in their social lifestyle (Black et al., 2003). Teachers ensure that students are achieving good progress and results from the assessment methods applied by the teachers. Teachers might carry out following activities in order to promote good progress and results delivered by students: By establishing high expectations from students,